Who Else Wants to Learn About Writing an Article Review?

Who Else Wants to Learn About Writing an Article Review? The Hidden Truth on Writing an Article Review The only means to compose an exceptional article review without reading the whole content is to get in touch with professional on-line writing services. At any time you post, share a hyperlink to your article anywhere it is logical to share it. Everyone wants to understand how they can receive their articles noticed in the endless expanse that's the world wide web. At length, articles should convey a very clear message. The History of Writing an Article Review Refuted Article reviews will always incorporate the principal points of the text, which is being analyzed. In the past paragraph you summarize the key points of the guide. Generally, the body of your review ought to be written in a few paragraphs. In the body paragraphs, it is essential to spell out the importance of the write-up. The central portion of your review must supply a succinct review of the write-up. T he very first region of the article review writing process is reading the report to be reviewed for the very first time. Your review should not read like you're the author of the guide or material. To start with, you want to comprehend what your review will be about. An article review is a part of writing where you summarize and assess somebody else's article. It is a piece of writing where you summarize and assess another person's article. An article review, sometimes referred to as an article critique is a unique type of academic writing that focuses on the appropriate reading of a certain article and thereafter providing an individual evaluation of its content. It's possible for you to get help in writing top quality article reviews in addition to essay proofreading service. You've got to understand what kind of an article you're going to work with, and that means you can think of a perfect tone and format of your upcoming essay. A post is a rather common kind of text nowadays. Any article for FCE is usually an extremely personal bit of writing, so it is possible to speak in the very first person as much as you like. The Benefits of Writing an Article Review In the event you're not writing an APA format article critique, learn from your professor the referencing style that you're advised to utilize for your critique. In the debut, it's essential to highlight the crucial ideas about the short article, the author of the post and give a thesis statement. There are many ways to go about writing an article review, and the ideal way to do this is to use the exact same writing practices you would utilize to compose an essay or formal paper. An academic article review is a sort of a written paper that needs you to have certain skills. Writing an Article Review Fundamentals Explained The aim of assigning article reviews is to find the students acquainted with the works of the renowned specialists in a specific field. In the conclusion, discuss whether the post is successful in advancing the area of study it's examining. It's also essential to note any other info or evidence that may support a counter argument. You may also produce a suggestion regarding the direction for more research on this issue. In case it's a scientific article being reviewed, the author is going to be asked to use database searches to retrieve the outcomes of the search. The total reference for the report is put in proper format following your title. The title is supposed to be short and precise, giving all the info that the reader may want to comprehend what the essay is all about. The topic or theme of the post should fall within the range of the area of information systems. Regardless of what the topic is. The goal of an article review is connected with values that the individuals attach to opinion from others about certain information in a particular field. It is like an argument because you'll have to take a position on the article while not getting caught up in the issue at hand. Writing an article review asks a lot of time, patience, and knowledge because a good deal of requirements ought to be met. Writing an Article Review: No Lo nger a Mystery A critique can be defined as a kind of piece in the area of academic writing that functions to briefly summarize in addition to critically evaluate a specific idea or employment. Since you may see, creating scientific article review isn't a bit of cake. Below are the principal characteristics of a critique you ought to ensure are included in your piece. It is very important to be aware that the function of critical evaluations shouldn't be only to highlight the negative impressions of a part of work. After titling your work, it is recommended to demonstrate a citation from the post, which gives an excellent idea about what is it about. Such reviews are an excellent exercise which provides you both extra understanding about your field and a chance to come up with your writing and analytical skills. If writing is imperative for you when you read, you can begin with an outline draft first where you mention the main points. If anything described above is true for you, using our custom writing service is a remarkable remedy to the issue. Therefore, their primary contribution to writing the write-up is toward giving a fresh evaluation of Canada. Also, show how it supports its claims and write the conclusion. It should be in a refereed journal or high quality conference proceedings. Even if your article is a business case study, you're required to be enough persistent to deliver some fantastic conclusions for more research. The caliber of your further review will be contingent on how well you diagnosed the thesis, which can have several points. Contrary to other kinds of writing, during the learning process of the way to compose a critique, you'll discover that the body of a critique usually has a thorough evaluation of the work, together with an overview of the article in question. You'll have your review delivered based on the deadline. Each review example has introduction.

They Are Several Important Issue That Human Resources,

They are several important issue that human resources, managers, or company have to deal with, when it comes to workplace Demographic effects sure as gender, race, and ethnicity. All for this play a big role to how companies make it and how they find ways to solving the issue. In this paper, I argue that workplace Discrimination by gender and race are inadequately in organizations, causing uncertainty policies, which modeled aggressive response. A 2013, study by Sarra Ben Yahmed, who did an article on ‘’Gender Wage Discrimination and Trade Openness. Prejudiced employers in an open industry’’ which goes to explain The International trade plan is to reduce the gender wage gap and by doing so increasing competition and consequently†¦show more content†¦Some takeaway from this would be the closed economy, which are no foreign firms and outside people, and the open economy has outside people and foreign so they should have discrimination in their fi rms, but because the open economy, doesn’t have a system that can resolve the issue faster as it being created. For example, if you have only male in a company and with no women in it, is a bad way to run a company. One of the ways that we can solve this issue is the government or the ‘’Better Business Bureau’’ to require a company a minimum of 30 percent of its work forces to mix gender meaning that if you have ten male workers, then you should have at least three females. The next issue in the workplace would be racism. The workplace is places where everyone should feel comfortable and a safe place for them to work. The online publication by the American Sociological Association was race relations. ‘’RACE, ETHNICITY, AND THE AMERICAN LABOR MARKET: WHAT’S AT WORK’’. One thing the article mention was ‘’ several key economic indicators suggest that not everyone who wants to work can find a satisfactory job’’ (P.2 2011). Which means that a person who looks to a job for other people cannot find satisfactory, because you may not like something that the person does or said to you. Meaning that the workplace is not always a place you can be happy all the time and by being your own boss is the best to be happy at work. The question to ask is what cause people notShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Human Resources Outsourcing on Leadership Performance and Employee Commitment1351 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership Performance Abstract The following pages focus on providing a theoretical framework and a research design intended to address the influence of human resources outsourcing on leadership performance and employee commitment. The Introduction discusses some of the issues that reflect the necessity of research in this field. The Theoretical Framework describes the variables used in this study. The paper continues with the Scientific Research Design section that presents the type of researchRead MoreCurrent Information Systems Within Human Resources1398 Words   |  6 Pageswithin Human Resources The Human Resources department is currently working on bring the information systems platform into the 21st century. Excel has been a good tool to use within the HR department. 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Items discussed in this chapter were the importance of human resource management in an organization, the planning process for human resources, how a manager needs to be familiar with U.S. federal laws and regulations, the steps in the employment process, and current issues faced by human resources. According to Dunlap Garvin (2010), good employees can be the key to success in an organization. A human resources department has several important responsibilitiesRead MoreThe Importance Of A Team Leader And Team Members1263 Words   |  6 PagesTo avoid workers dissatisfaction, another issue which a manager needs to address is the distribution of tasks. This makes creating a team and encouraging workers to operate and collaborate in A participatory team are necessary for human resource management. Work must be distributed fairly therefore workloads that all team members carry are equal. In order to help to distribute tasks equally among team members as well as to guide work organisation, job descriptions are often utilised (16). Beside

Ways in Which the Principal Teachings free essay sample

Essential to the concept of peace contained within the Christian Bible is the belief that peace as a concept was given to humankind by God, demonstrated by the teaching and example of Jesus Christ as recorded in the New Testament. â€Å"Peace is what I leave with you; it is my own peace I give to you. † (Jn) This teaching is as such evident in a number of movements which advocate and attempt to achieve world peace. The World Conference on Religion and Peace is a prominent initiative created through the influence of Christian teaching, aiming to encourage dialogue between nations in order to foster and conserve the peace ordained by God. They have provided mediation is such areas as Kosovo and have brought together world leaders to discuss issues such as global security and disarmament. This elucidates the way in which global initiatives for peace are heavily influenced by the principal teachings of Christianity. Moreover, another prominent initiative directed towards the attainment of peace at a global level is the promotion of the World Day of Peace by Pope John Paul VI, declaring that annually, New Years Day should be dedicated to reflection regarding the need for peace, saying that; â€Å"peace results from the harmony built into society by its divine founder. (John Paul VI) This highlights the direct influence of Christian teaching on movements for world peace. Although conflict in contemporary society in a global context is still prevalent, it can be observed that small in-roads to peace have been made as a result of the adherent’s capacity to act on the principal teachings of the tradition. Another prominent teaching of Christianity pertaining to world peace encompasses the concept that peace s attainable if adherents exercise the virtues of faith, hope and love which were bestowed by God in all aspects of ife. Moreover, this teaching demonstrates the notion that evil should not be re-paid with evil but must be dealt with by way of righteous action. â€Å"But I say to you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you. † (Mt) This is thus demonstrated on a practical level through the National Council of Churches in Australia’s (NCCA) initiative, the â€Å"Decade to Overcome Violence. † This employs the aforementioned teaching as its basis and urges the Christian community collectively to practise these virtues. Moreover, the council works to denounce international conflict, saying that; â€Å"war as a method of settling international disputes is incompatible with the teaching and example of Jesus Christ. † (NCCA) This demonstrates the way in which the worldwide Christian movements for peace place at their foundation the ethical principals of Christianity as reflected through the Bible. Perhaps one of the more prominent ethical teachings of Christianity with reference to world peace is that which highlights the correlation between being a Christian and working for peace. If your enemy is hungry, give him food†¦ resist evil and conquer it with good. † (Rom) This highlights the concept that working towards peace is an obligation of being a Christian. This is well exemplified by such movements as Pax Christi International, a peace organisation who sought to rectify the problems of the world in the aftermath of WWII and to promote such ideas as ecological awareness, disarmament and human rights. Moreover the pacifist movement, the Quakers or Society of Friends actively promote pacifism, typifying the notion of the practical application of Christian teaching. With reference to Islam, the cornerstone of the Islamic view of world peace is the Lesser Jihad. The principal teaching surrounding this is that Allah desires peace but acknowledges the human capacity to be violent and aggressive. Thus, the concept of the Lesser Jihad or the struggle against external evil in pursuit of world peace is developed. Adherents focus every aspect of their lives in the pursuit of Jihad and it is through this that one may finally achieve submission. O soul at peace, return to the lord. † (Qur’an) This struggle against external evil is demonstrated at a practical level through the initiatives of Australian Muslims to enter into dialogue with non-Islamic Australians to attempt to quell misunderstandings regarding Islam such as the misconception regarding Jihad. In 1989, The International Scholars Annual Dialogue was established by scholars from various faiths to clarify such issues as the aforementioned, helping to achieve world peace. This organisation believes that the western media â€Å"oversimplifies the position of Islam† on matters such as terrorism, thus impeding initiatives towards peace in a global context. Moreover such movements as the Bridges not Walls Foundation is an interfaith movement instigated by Muslims and Jews in order to oppose the conflict in the Middle East. Although peace in its entirety has not yet been achieved, initiatives such as these possess an incalculable significance in directing the world towards peace. Peace is a concept that is embedded into the sacred texts and principal teachings of both Christianity and Islam. These texts instruct the adherent toward the most appropriate way to peace and as such it is the concluding contention of this paper that; the inspiration and desire for peace derives directly from the sacred texts of the two traditions and although this has not yet been fully achieved, the movement towards world peace has been aided by the capacity of adherents to act practically on the principal teachings contained within the sacred texts of the aforementioned traditions.

Password managers Essays - Computer Access Control,

Password managers Course Institutional Affiliation Date Introduction A password manager is simply a software that aids users organize and store their passwords. In most cases, they often store such passwords in encrypted format needing the user to establish a master password , one typically very strong password that offers the user access to their whole password storage [1] . In some cases, password managers store these passwords within the user's local computer often referred to as offline password managers , while some store passwords within the providers cloud termed as online passwords . Nevertheless, offline password managers also provide storage of data within the user's personal cloud accounts as opposed to the cloud. While the main aim of a password manager is to securely keep safe huge collections of passwords, most offer secondary features like passwords and fo r m filling. How password managers work Password managers have one fundamental function. They store and recall all user passwords so they could save its users from doing so. It stores all personal information and user passwords in an encrypted format which safeguards private data from cyber-criminals that have physical access to the local device [4] . Password manager stores passwords in either a centralized storage or a decentralized storage. Centralized storage include the use of the cloud or a networked server environment where a domain server becomes responsible of handling all the passwords. The dangers to this is that every time a user forgets his/ her password it will take some time to retrieve it as a result of organizational bureaucracies. A decentralized approach on the other hand involves the management of passwords under different locations such as user local machines or at departmental levels. This makes it easy for users to retrieve their passwords. The danger with this approach is that exposu re to passwords leakage or compromise is high and might not be easily detected if the attacker lies internally. Categories of password managers There are four main categories of password managers namely standalone password manager, bonus feature within other software, web based password manager and finally password managers using embedded security hardware. The bonus feature within software are like web browsers, operating systems, and antivirus software which come with password managers. The standalone password managers , were the earliest category of password managers and is not linked to any subsidiary software. This is basically suitable in cases where all your computing is done on one computer that is not shared. There are also web based password managers is a new way of managing passwords, it is simply a web application which can be used from any internet connected device. It is suitable for instances where there are several mobile or computing devices with distinct operating systems and you are required to recover all passwords from every device. The last category of password managers is using embedded security hardware where some secondary hardware is embedded within a computer to encrypt and save data. Only persons with the passkeys can have access to the stored data . It is suitable for instances where a device is at high risk of theft or physical hacking, often that is the situation if the device is stored within a shared office or travel with it often. Advantages of password managers The benefit of password manager access controls is that they are cheaply integrated in many software with the use of application programming interfaces available under most software products, they do not need any specialized server/computer modifications and that users understand the use of passwords already. To begin with, password managers save people from the stress of remembering several passwords. Trying to recall several passwords tempts a user to use some of the poorest passwords which is not a desirable feature. Second, the fact that one is saved from remembering passwords makes it possible to have strong desirable passwords, a unique password for every single existing account. Password managers also help fill automatically the usernames and passwords every time a user wants to access any account saving on time and the burden of recall [2] . It is logical for users to make at least one mistake with their passwords making it so cheap for cyber-criminals,

Archaeological Evidence for Domesticating Potatoes

Archaeological Evidence for Domesticating Potatoes Potato (Solanum tuberosum) belongs to the Solanaceae family, which also includes tomatoes, eggplants, and chili peppers. Potato is currently the second widest used staple crop in the world. It was first domesticated in South America, in the Andean highlands, between Peru and Bolivia, more than 10,000 years ago. Different species of potato (solanum) exist, but the most common worldwide is the S. tuberosum ssp. Tuberosum. This species was introduced in Europe in the mid-1800s from Chile when a fungus disease almost completely destroyed S. tuberosum ssp. andigena, the original species imported by the Spanish directly from the Andes in the 1500s. The edible part of the potato is its root, called tuber. Because the tuber of wild potatoes contains poisonous alkaloids, one of the first steps made by ancient Andean farmers toward domestication was to select and replant a variety with low alkaloid contents. Also, since wild tubers are quite small, farmers also selected the bigger examples. Archaeological Evidence of Potato Cultivation Archaeological evidence suggests that people were consuming potatoes in the Andes as early as 13,000 years ago. In the Tres Ventanas Cave in the Peruvian highlands, several root remains, including S. tuberosum, have been recorded and direct-dated to 5800 cal B.C. (C14 calibrated date) Also, remains of 20 potato tubers, both white and sweet potato, dating between 2000 and 1200 B.C. have been found in the trash middens of four archaeological sites in the Casma Valley, on the coast of Peru. Finally, in an Inca period site near Lima, called Pachacamac, pieces of charcoal have been found within the remains of potato tubers suggesting that one of the possible preparation of this tuber involved baking. Potatoes Around the World Although this may be due to a lack of data, current evidence indicates that the spread of potatoes from Andean highlands to the coast and the rest of the Americas was a slow process. Potatoes reached Mexico by 3000-2000 B.C., probably passing through Lower Central America or the Caribbean Islands. In Europe and North America, the South American root arrived only in the 16th and 17th century, respectively, after its importation by the first Spanish explorers. Sources Hancock, James, F., 2004, Plant Evolution and the Origin of Crop Species. Second Edition. CABI Publishing, Cambridge, MA Ugent Donald, Sheila Pozoroski and Thomas Pozoroski, 1982, Archaeological Potato Tuber Remains from the Casma Valley of Peru, Economic Botany, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 182-192.

Malarkey Doesnt Mean That

Malarkey Doesnt Mean That Malarkey Doesn’t Mean That Malarkey Doesn’t Mean That By Maeve Maddox In a recent television ad for a cell phone service, potential customers are shown as being afraid of â€Å"hidden fees,† â€Å"funny business,† and â€Å"bamboozling.† The agent asks, â€Å"What is bamboozling?† A potential customer says, â€Å"It’s like malarkey.† The ad bothers me because bamboozling is a gerund and malarkey is an ordinary noun. I’d prefer something like this: Agent: What is bamboozling? Customer: It’s trying to trick us by feeding us a bunch of malarkey. But then, I suppose the extra words would drive up the price of the ad. The verb bamboozle is noted in English as early as 1700, in a Tatler article complaining about the invasion of slang terms. The OED definition of the verb bamboozle is â€Å"to deceive by trickery; to perplex or confuse.† The definition in Merriam-Webster is, â€Å"to conceal one’s true motives from someone, especially by elaborately feigning good intentions so as to gain an end or achieve an advantage.† The first OED citation for malarkey is 1924; the most recent, 2000. It’s defined as â€Å"humbug, bunkum, nonsense.† Malarkey is any idea or utterance seen as â€Å"trivial, misleading, or not worthy of consideration.† M-W defines malarkey as â€Å"insincere or pretentious talk or writing designed to impress one and usually to distract attention from ulterior motives or actual conditions.† A person intent on bamboozling someone might employ malarkey in the effort to deceive, but bamboozling and malarkey are not quite synonyms. Synonyms for the verb bamboozle: trick deceive delude hoodwink mislead take in dupe fool double-cross cheat defraud swindle gull hoax entrap con bilk shaft flimflam Synonyms for the noun malarkey: rubbish gibberish claptrap balderdash hogwash baloney rot moonshine garbage jive tripe drivel bull bunk/bunkum BS hokum twaddle gobbledygook Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Spelling Test 15 Lessons for Mixing Past and Present TenseUlterior and Alterior

) In your opinion, was slavery in New York City substantially Assignment - 2

) In your opinion, was slavery in New York City substantially different from slavery in the South during the colonial period How and why - Assignment Example The slave system in New York is substantially similar to the slavery in the south. Despite the difference in the geography of the two zones, the purpose of slavery and the consequent treatment of slaves in the two regions was the same. The circumstances that led to the preference of the slave labor in both New York and the south are similar. In New York, the period prior to the enslavement regime showcases a place whereby labor providers were mostly residents from Britain, who were either law breakers avoiding a jail term or jobless individuals1. In the south, the situation was similar in that the workers prior to the slavery period were immigrants from Britain. After some time, the Britons would leave especially after attaining skills2. The fact was after a short span of time. History also puts forward that economy of England was improving. Therefore, in the 18th and the 17th century, the employment levels in the nation became more promising. Consequently, the number of residents leaving the country became fewer by the day. Due to the fact, work in the America became hard to come by, and other sources of labor became not only important but also significant. The records state that New York became the center of the slave trade. The city was also dependent on slave labor for the development programs then. In a similar view, the south was likewise a market for the slaves. The main reason behind the proposition is that the vast firms in the south were in need of stable and efficient work. The scenario thus was similar in the two locations since both were destinations for the black slaves. Slavery in the south turns out to be dominant despite the test of time unlike in the New York City. The economy of the south found its foundation on the slavery system. Although the enslavement codes were at practice in New York, the place was one of the first locations that the proposals for the

Marketing Mix & Marketing Mix Planning with Nutritional Supplements Assignment

Marketing Mix & Marketing Mix Planning with Nutritional Supplements - Assignment Example All in all, in marketing their products and services, business people should develop marketing strategies that are based on crucial and effective marketing considerations and decisions. 1.) Identify the type of product/service (convenience, shopping, specialty, unsought), and explain in your own words what marketing considerations need to be made for my product/service (Nutritional Supplements) based on this product classification. Based on the criteria of how consumers go about in purchasing them and how they are marketed, consumer products can be classified into four main types. To start with, we have shopping products which involve products that are bought by consumers less frequently (Doole & Lowe, 2005). Secondly, there exist convenience products which entail those that are frequently purchased by customers (Evans & Wurster, 1997). Thirdly, we have specialty products. These include products with unique features or brands and those that catch the attention of a particular class of customers who are willing to make a special buying effort (Taylor, 2009). Finally, we have unsought products which involve products that are not known to the consumer or if known, the consumer has never thought of purchasing them (Evans & Wurster, 1997). Using this classification, nutritional supplements can be said to belong to the category of specialty products. There are four main marketing considerations that can be made by nutritional supplements marketers and marketers of specialty products in general. The first consideration is the customer’s buying behavior. Here, buyers go in for strong and appealing brands. These consumers are normally loyal to specific brands and they are usually less sensitive to prices (Doole & Lowe, 2005). The second consideration is the price. According to Taylor, like in the case of most specialty products, the pricing of nutritional supplements can

Vap Bundles, What to Leave in, What to Leave Out Essay Example for Free

Vap Bundles, What to Leave in, What to Leave Out Essay Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a chronic and costly problem in the intensive care setting. VAP increases patient morbidity, mortality, and length of stay. These negative effects add significantly to the financial and emotional burden to the patient and family. VAP is being considered for addition to the Medicare non-reimbursable infection list, therefore healthcare providers need to proactively evaluate and implement procedures to minimize VAP rates. Article Summaries The focus of this article was identifying the lack of universal diagnostic criteria for VAP and the impact of the lack of diagnostic standardization on interpretation of hospital reported VAP rates. The author’s contention is, despite an abundance of studies on VAP prevention the inconsistencies between institutions in diagnostic criteria can provide false zero and/or falsely elevated reported rates of infection. Additionally, the study that was primarily cited by the author did not include several interventions which he felt represented a major design flaw. In summary, the disparity in diagnostic criteria and variety of VAP prevention bundles make it difficult to clearly interpret currently available data regarding efficacy of specific interventions. I included this article based upon the three criteria I chose for inclusion: publication date within five years, clinical relevance, and statistically significant data produced by the study. This article specifically addresses the quandary surrounding diagnosis and prevention of VAP. The authors of this study chose to compare the effects of mechanical treatment, pharmacological treatment, and a combination of both on VAP reduction. In preparation for the study the authors reviewed previously identified causes of VAP and chose to focus their study on the effect of reducing oropharyngeal colonization by potential respiratory pathogens. The conclusion of the study indicated that their analysis was confounded, in part by the defining criteria they chose to identify VAP. There was no significant reduction in VAP from toothbrushing(mechanical), and no sustained reduction beyond day three for the chlorhexedine(pharmacological) group. As has been noted in many studies there were additional, and perhaps more efficacious interventions concurrently in use, particularly elevation of the head of bed to thirty degrees. I included this article based upon the three criteria I chose for inclusion: publication date within five years, clinical relevance, and statistically significant data produced by the study. This article addresses the outcomes of specific nursing interventions targeting the reduction and/or elimination of VAP. Article Critiques The researchers who designed this study attempted to minimize some of the confounding factors by applying certain aspects of the institution’s ventilator bundle to all of the study participants. This clearly defined standard of care improved the ability to directly attribute the effects of the research interventions. Prior to beginning the study the researchers observed the standard care of intubated patients in the facility and identified practices that were viewed as potentially contributing to oropharyngeal colonization. Based upon their observations, during the study period advanced oral care kits were exclusively used to provide oral care for the study group along with a clearly delineated schedule for performing different components of the oral care protocol. The result for the study group was a significant reduction in VAP with increased time to VAP. There was also a decrease in ventilator days and length of intensive care unit stay. The study confirmed that VAP prevention is improved with the incorporation of comprehensive oral assessment and care. I included this article based upon the three criteria I chose for inclusion: publication date within five years, clinical relevance, and statistically significant data produced by the study. This article addresses the outcomes of specific nursing interventions targeting the reduction and/or elimination of VAP This article was published in Clinical Infectious Diseases, which is a peer reviewed journal. The subject is relevant to my topic in that it is a qualitative analysis of multiple studies on the efficacy of VAP reduction bundles. The author is a physician working in the field of infection control, affiliated with two major United States academic medical centers and as such he has professional credibility. No conflict of interest was reported by the author. The format of the article was a comparison of various VAP bundles and their outcomes from studies conducted by other researchers. The comparison group was large, comprised of seventeen different studies, all of which used the before-after design (Klompas, 2010). As a qualitative study the premise was not answerable by a yes or no hypothesis, instead it relied upon review of specific, focused research. This research substantiated the author’s initial question by defining elements that remain unaddressed in the current body of research surrounding the prevention of VAP (Klompas, 2010). The study presented in this article was a well-designed 2 x 2 factorial trial (Munro, Grap, Jones, McClish, Sessler, 2009). The principal investigator reported receiving a grant from the National Institutes of Health in support of this research, no other disclosures were reported. The investigators are fully credentialed in their respective fields. The study took place at a large academic medical center with a population that allows for broad representation. Participants were recruited from three intensive care units with clearly defined inclusion and exclusionary criteria. The study personnel were all appropriately blinded to the participants VAP status (Munro et al., 2009). The performance of the assigned treatments was completed by study personnel rather than the bedside nurse to increase the consistency of treatment delivery. The authors noted a few limitations as the study progressed. The first limitation was the definition of VAP. In this case they chose to use clinical pulmonary infection score greater than six to define VAP (Munro et al., 2009). During the course of the study they noted that even though a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia was considered exclusionary, that many of the participants in fact had a CPIS greater than six upon enrollment (Munro et al., 2009). A second limitation was enrollment attrition; by day seven the number of participants was no longer large enough to be considered statistically significant (Munro et al., 2009). Despite the noted limitations the investigators were able to draw conclusions applicable to early onset VAP (Munro et al., 2009). The study presented in this article was completed by a multi-disciplinary team, none of which reported any conflict of interest or financial disclosure. As one of the end points of the study was demonstration of a sustainable reduction in VAP rates use of cohort study was intentional, incorporating an extended time frame to counter the large number of required enrollees to otherwise demonstrate statistical significance (Garcia, Jendresky, Colbert, Bailey, Zaman, Majumder, 2009). A potential confounding factor was the facility ventilator protocol, which included many interventions which are known to directly and significantly impact on reduction and prevention of VAP i.e. head of bed maintained at thirty degrees and an active weaning protocol (Garcia et al., 2009). This study was completed at a large urban academic medical center and the participants were screened for defined eligibility criteria and are representative of the adult population at large. The authors or the study are appropriately credentialed in their fields and included a biostatistician to aid in the data analysis (Garcia et al ., 2009). The primary and secondary outcomes were clearly identified. All variables were tested or analyzed using the method demanded by the results. VAP was defined using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published definition (Garcia et al., 2009 ). Conclusion There remain many unanswered questions as to the etiology and prevention of VAP. In my research I observed that many of the studies included multiple interventions for VAP prevention in the study protocols. They also continued the institutions current policies for managing ventilated patients. It would seem to cloud the interpretation when there are multiple interventions making up the protocol i.e. Chlorhexedine rinse, and subglottic suctioning, and routinely scheduled oral care. Multi-factorial studies make it more difficult to determine which factor is influencing the outcome. A well designed study needs to eliminate or incorporate a single intervention at a time to determine its effect, or lack thereof. This would enable the researcher to clearly demonstrate a cause and effect relationship More carefully crafted studies will need to be performed with a universally agreed upon definition of VAP. As is always the case when research is involving people there is a reluctance to leave off anything that might be perceived as healing. In this case I believe that multiple interventions performed simultaneously are a hindrance to clearly understanding what is truly the most efficacious VAP prevention protocol design. In light of ongoing mandates from CMS to eliminate nosocomial infections there is an added impetus to define and eliminate VAP. Ventilator associated pneumonia is a chronic and costly problem in the intensive care setting. VAP increases patient morbidity, mortality, and length of stay. These negative effects add significantly to the financial and emotional burden to the patient, family, and the institution. Therefore, healthcare providers need to proactively evaluate and implement procedures to minimize VAP rates. References Garcia, R., Jendresky, L., Colbert, L., Bailey, A., Zaman, M., Majumder, M. (2009). Reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia through advanced oral-dental care: A 48 month study. American Journal of Critical Care, 18(6), 523-532. Doi:10.4037//ajcc2009311 Klompas, M. (2010). Ventilator-associated pneumonia: Is zero possible? Clinical Infectious Diseases, 51(10), 1123-1126. Doi:10.1086/656738 Munro, C., Grap, M., Jones, D., McClish, D., Sessler, C. (2009). Chlorhexedine, toothbrushing, and preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill adults. American Journal of Critical Care, 18(5), 428-438. Doi:10.4037//ajcc2009792

oral surgery :: essays research papers

Have you ever thought about your future career? I have always wanted to be a surgeon, so I have thought and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and a nd and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and

Understand the process and experience of Dementia

Describe a range of causes of dementia syndromeThe dementia syndrome is caused by combination of conditions such as specific diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s or motor neurone disease. It can also be caused by having stroke and prolonged alcohol abuse.1.2Describe the types of memory impairment commonly experienced by individuals with dementia frontal lobe– The person may have difficulty thinking clearly, struggle with forming thoughts, be unable to think abstractly or lose social awareness.Parietal lobe – The person may have difficulty with judging distance and seeing things in 3D, identifying what objects are used for, recognising people, locating certain parts of the body. They may become easily disorientated and lost; begin to hallucinate. occipital lobe – The person may loose their peripheral vision, have difficulty picking up details of light and shade, lose their ability to look up, struggle to focus on or track moving objects, repeat mov ements over and over again or struggle to hold on to an idea long enough to act on it without help.Temporal lobe – The person may forget names, struggle to retain new information, repeat seemingly meaningless word, sounds or number or lose their sense of time and place.1.3 Explain the way that individuals process information with reference to the abilities and limitations of individuals with dementia frontal lobe – is responsible for regulating behaviour, emotions, reasoning and parts of speech.It’s also responsible for purposeful acts such as creativity, decision making, problem solving and planning. parietal lobe – is responsible for body movement, spelling, calculation, recognition and interpreting information from our senses. occipital lobe – is responsible for visual processing and our ability to distinguish and perceive the differences between colour, shape and movement. temporal lobe – is responsible for hearing, short term memory, me aning, language and time awareness1.4 Explain how other factors can cause changes in an individual’s condition that may not be attributable to dementiaOther factors that can cause changes in an individual’s condition not attributable to dementia may include age, anxiety, poor physical health, poor sensory health, gender, ethnicity or even medication.1. 5 Explain why the abilities and needs of an individual with dementia may fluctuateNeeds and abilities of an individual with dementia may fluctuate due to numerous reasons such as loss of independence, loss of companionship, depression, anxiety, mental health issues, and stages of their dementia.2.1 Describe the impact of early diagnosis and follow up to diagnosis The impact of early diagnosis for dementia helps rule out other conditions that may have similar symptoms to dementia and that may be treatable such as depression, chest and UTI’s. It also helps rule out other possible causes of confusion such as poor eye sight or hearing, emotional upsets or side-effects of certain medications. It allows the individual to plan and make arrangements for the future.2.2 Explain the importance of recording possible signs or symptoms of dementia in an individual in line with agreed ways of workingThe importance of recording signs or symptoms is so as to get facts about the individual’s functional and cognitive abilities, to be able to make relevant decisions with the individual, their relatives and carers. Another importance is to be able to make sure their nutritional and hygiene needs are met.2.3 Explain the process of reporting possible signs of dementia within agreed ways of working The process of reporting possible signs of dementia may include the mode of reporting whether it’s verbal or written and to whom it is reported to like the supervisor, team leader and or manager.It may also include the frequency it is reported with the level of detail and should have observation reports.2.4 Describe the possible impact of receiving a diagnosis of dementia ona)the individual may become shocked, anxious, stressed, disorientated, frightened, may have to retire early leading to financial implications, lose socialisationb)their family and friends may feel guilty, need to balance commitments, get angry, be afraid or embarrassed, become stressed, increased financial needs3.1 Compare a person centred and a non-person centred approach to dementia care Person centred care is about caring for the person, rather than the illness. It’s about enabling choice, social relationships, inclusion and valuing the individual. Non-person centred care does not recognise the individual’s uniqueness and needs, lacks choice, exclusion, not allowing participation in decision making and responding to behaviour rather than looking at the unified whole.3.2 Describe a range of different techniques that can be used to meet the fluctuating abilities and needs of the individual with demen tiaKnow the person – By having background knowledge of the individual, including knowing their previous life and history one would b able to understand why the person behaves in certain ways, hence being able to design the care and support to meet their specific needs. Stable and familiar environment – A known trigger for agitation and confusion for people with dementia is when their daily routine and environment are constantly changing.It is therefore important that people with dementia have consistent staff to follow their daily routine and live in a stable and familiar environment Providing specific support – People with dementia have been known to wander, be agitated, have incontinence, be paranoid and show repeated actions. It is important that these specific needs are met in way such as activities, reducing noise levels, clear indications of bathrooms, and incontinence pads provided3. 3 Describe how myths and stereotypes related to dementia may affect the individual and their carersMyths and stereotyping affects people with dementia as they may be viewed as needing pity which brings down their self esteem making them feel isolated. Assumption of automatic loss of independence in people with dementia makes them feel inadequate or useless. 3. 4 Describe ways in which individuals and carers can be supported to overcome their fears Ways in which individual and carers can be supported is gaining information and advice from others, reading booklets/leaflets, going online for discussion forums through friends and family and through respite care.

How did the ‘Strange case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde appeal to the collective consciousness of Victorian Society Essay

In the Victorian Era many people were indeed superstitious of various issues that were classified by class, for example, becoming drunk would not be considered as normal, or as proper, with people from the upper classes; whereas with people from lower or working class this would have been deemed a standard activity and most likely occurred on a daily basis. In Robert Louis- Stevenson’s novel of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde just about every aspect to do with the fear of a typical upper class Victorian is explored by the life of the unfortunate Doctor. The face of Hyde is described as a criminal from everyone’s view and one of the memorable first sightings of Hyde, met by a distant cousin of Mr. Utterson, namely Mr. Enfield, claimed ‘he gave me one look, so ugly that it brought out the sweat on me like running.’ It’s a human reaction on first sightings of someone never before seen to be very stereotypical, as was the case with many upper class Victorians. If someone from a lower class did not look ordinary than they would most likely be considered a criminal. As such, the reaction from the majority of accusers was as follows: ‘I had a loathing to my gentlemen at first sight. So had the child’s family, which was only natural.’ If this was the case, than there was little the accused could do for himself, because the lower classes were never given the benefit of the doubt when there was an important or rich family involved. ‘I saw that Sawbones turn sick and white with the desire to kill him.’ Even the doctor had been so taken aback by the ferocity and ugliness of this so-called human, despite doctor’s professionalism not to be judgemental in times when their attention is needed. This only shows the type of opinions that Victorians held from a range of a backgrounds. This appealed to the Victorians in a sense that, by introducing the new police force, they had succeeded with trying to bring in a law abiding country and ridding it of these criminal faces. In the early Victorian years, Charles Darwin produced a theory that claimed we had not been created by God and had instead evolved from nature. He omitted to mention which animal we had evolved from, but many ideas were developed. One such idea was the primitive ancestor reflected the troglodytic actions performed by Mr. Hyde at certain occasions. On one of these occasions Hyde murders Sir Danvers Carew. In killing Carew, Hyde ‘clubbed him to the earth’, similar to a caveman, along with ‘ape-like’ fury, and eventually ‘trampling his victim underfoot’. This idea of Darwin’s had induced a new fear in the hearts of Victorian people, that they and others around them could, perhaps, at any time, lose control of themselves or something akin to the actions of Hyde. A brief point could be made about alcohol. In the tale there are many references to the upper class doctors and lawyers; for example Mr. Utterson, who drank alone and only in small amounts for fear of the alcohol giving him cause to lose himself. He could not be seen to embarrass himself, by drinking too much and losing his social standing. This would have rendered him unacceptable to his fellow gentry. This is very similar to the life of Dr. Jekyll as drinking too much would have lead to the exposure of Hyde and his evil deeds. The way in which Victorian London has been described could have intimidated many into behaviour which avoided prejudice, at all costs, from across the classes. The two characters in the novel divided by good and evil both live in completely different conditions in London. As Hyde is a criminal and as he lives in the ‘dismal quarter of Soho, with it’s muddy ways and slatternly passengers’ then it must have caused some relief to the upper classes when they were living in clean conditions and considered to be acceptable places to reside, in turn taking the criminal far away from them. This though, brought around the new danger of these criminals escaping from their filthy conditions and creeping around the streets and labyrinths of those thought to be safe; therefore having access to their private lives and secrets. Also, Hyde’s flat is illustrated as untidy and disorganized, very similar to the life of a criminal, where they would have only a single night perhaps to lay at rest before they had to be on the move. Secrecy played an important part in Victorian lives and Stephenson’s novel explores this. ‘†¦within there was another enclosure, like wise sealed and marked upon the cover as† Not to be opened until the death or disappearance of Dr. Henry Jekyll†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ and ‘All my drugs were in the cabinet – a long journey down the two pairs of stairs, through the back passage, across the open courtyard and through the anatomical theatre’. In the case of the letter, Jekyll would rather have his secrets unveiled after he has died. This is due to the good doctor trying to save himself from the embarrassment and mockery he would receive had someone discovered what he got up to when he was alone. This was also a problem with many among the upper classes, as their many ‘distractions’ in life, like alcohol, were not considered acceptable, so they would have had to be done in secret. In the second quote, it is a surprise to find a doctor with drugs and medicines hidden away in the most secluded part of this house. This links back to the same point of revealing his habits and what could happen to him, living in shame for the rest of his life. Intolerable to Victorians was shame. This relates back to many Victorians regarding their class as imperatively important, not something to lose in the agony of public humiliation, should their private activities be revealed in the public domain.

My Positive and Negative Traits Essays

My Positive and Negative Traits Essays My Positive and Negative Traits Essay My Positive and Negative Traits Essay To start with, one of my positive traits is being God-fearing. What I mean on this is that at all times I keep in mind that every action I do must be according to His will. Whether I do simple chores at home, or different works at school, I always make it to the point that I do all of these things with sincerity and honesty as God wants us to do. Another positive trait of mine is being family-oriented. Yes, I consider this as a positive one for I see my family as my source of motivation as I continue my path to be a successful person someday. Up to the present time, I am giving my all to finish my studies. I am now in my final year in college and hopefully sooner or later I’ll be able to get a decent job and yield my family the fruits of their hard work in providing me a better future. Then, I am a team player. One instance that can emphasize this is the time when we’re having our group project. We’re composed of different people, each wit h contrasting personalities compared to mine. What I did is I composed myself and focused on our goal, which is to finish the project. I also adapt myself and blend in to my group mates for us to have a good connection to one another. I am also a trustworthy friend. I’m the type of person that you can tell secrets to and never worry that I’ll share it to others. I have friends that I treat as my own, my best friends since high school. Until today the bond is still strong despite having our own schedules. We’re still connected, and whenever one of us has problems, the others are more than willing to lend a hand. Finally, having strong dedication and commitment to a specific goal is included in my positive traits. When I set my mind on something that I want to accomplish, I’ll do everything that I can in order to do so. For my negative traits, first thing is that sometimes I have a bad temper. This usually happens when I already had a bad day at school and then eventually I’ll be scolded

A Guide to a Painless Undergrad Econometrics Project

A Guide to a Painless Undergrad Econometrics Project Most economics departments require second- or third-year undergraduate students to complete an econometrics project and write a paper on their findings. Many students find that choosing a  research topic  for their required  econometrics  project is just as difficult as the project itself.  Econometrics is the application of statistical and  mathematical theories  and perhaps some computer science to economic data. The example below shows how to use  Okuns law  to create an econometrics project. Okuns law refers to how the nations output- its  gross domestic product- is related to employment and unemployment. For this econometrics project guide, youll test whether Okuns law holds true in America. Note that this is just an example project- youll need to chose your own topic- but the explanation shows how you can create a painless, yet informative, project using a basic statistical test, data that you can easily obtain from the U.S. government, and a computer spreadsheet program to compile the data. Gather Background Information With your topic chosen, start by gathering background information about the theory youre testing by doing a   t-test. To do so, use the  following function:   Yt 1 - 0.4 Xt Where:Yt  is the change in the unemployment rate in percentage pointsXt  is the change in the percentage growth rate in real output, as measured by real GDP So you will be estimating the model:  Yt b1 b2 Xt Where:Yt is the change in the unemployment rate in percentage pointsXt is the change in the percentage growth rate in real output, as measured by real GDPb1 and b2 are the parameters you are trying to estimate. To estimate your parameters, you will need data. Use  quarterly economic data  compiled by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, which is part of the U.S. Department of Commerce. To use this information, save each of the files individually. If youve done everything correctly, you should see something that looks like this  fact sheet  from the BEA, containing quarterly GDP results. Once youve downloaded the data, open it in a spreadsheet program, such as Excel. Finding the Y and X Variables Now that youve got the data file open, start to look for what you need. Locate the data for your Y variable. Recall that Yt  is the change in the unemployment rate in percentage points. The change in the unemployment rate in percentage points is in the column labeled UNRATE(chg), which is column I. By looking at column A, you see that the  quarterly unemployment rate  change data runs from  April 1947 to October 2002  in cells G24-G242, according to Bureau of Labor Statistics figures. Next, find your X variables. In your model, you only have one X variable, Xt, which is the change in the percentage growth rate in real output as measured by real GDP. You see that this variable is in the column marked GDPC96(%chg), which is in Column E. This data runs from April 1947 to October 2002 in cells E20-E242. Setting Up Excel Youve identified the data you need, so you can compute the regression coefficients using Excel. Excel is missing a lot of the features of more sophisticated econometrics packages, but for doing a simple linear regression, it is a useful tool. Youre also much more likely to use Excel when you enter the real world than you are to use an econometrics package, so being proficient in Excel is a useful skill. Your Yt  data is in cells G24-G242 and your Xt  data is in cells E20-E242. When doing a linear regression, you need to have an associated X entry for every Yt  entry and vice-versa. The Xts in cells E20-E23 do not have an associated Yt  entry, so you will not use them. Instead, you will use only the Yt  data in cells G24-G242 and your Xt  data in cells E24-E242. Next, calculate your regression coefficients (your b1  and b2). Before continuing, save your work under a different filename so that  at any time, you can revert back to your original data. Once youve downloaded the data and opened Excel, you can calculate your regression coefficients. Setting Excel Up for Data Analysis To set up Excel for data analysis, go to the tools  menu on the top of the screen and find Data Analysis. If  Data Analysis  is not there, then youll have to  install it. You cannot do regression analysis in Excel without the Data Analysis ToolPak installed. Once youve selected  Data Analysis  from the  tools  menu, youll see a menu of choices such as Covariance and F-Test Two-Sample for Variances. On that menu, select Regression. Once there, youll see a form, which you need to fill in. Start by filling in the field that says Input Y Range. This is your unemployment rate data in cells G24-G242. Choose these cells by typing $G$24:$G$242 into the little white box next to  Input Y Range  or by clicking on the icon next to that white box then selecting those cells with your mouse.  The second field youll need to fill in is the Input X Range. This is the percent change in GDP data in cells E24-E242. You can choose these cells by typing $E$24:$E$242 into the little white box next to  Input X Range  or by clicking on the icon next to that white box then selecting those cells with your mouse. Lastly, you will have to name the page that will contain your regression results. Make sure you have New Worksheet Ply selected, and in the white field beside it, type in a name like Regression. Click OK. Using the Regression Results You should see a tab at the bottom of your screen called  Regression  (or whatever you named it) and some regression results. If youve gotten the intercept coefficient between 0 and 1, and the x variable coefficient between 0 and -1, youve likely done it correctly. With this data, you have all of the information you need for analysis including R Square, coefficients, and standard errors. Remember that you were attempting to estimate the intercept coefficient b1  and the X coefficient b2. The intercept coefficient b1  is located in the row named Intercept and in the column named Coefficient. Your slope coefficient b2  is located in the row named X variable 1 and in the column named Coefficient. It will likely have a value, such as BBB and the associated standard error DDD. (Your values may differ.) Jot these figures down (or print them out) as you will need them for analysis. Analyze your regression results for your term paper by doing  hypothesis testing on this sample t-test. Though this project focused on Okuns Law, you can use this same kind of methodology to create just about any econometrics project.

Aboriginal perspectives and science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Aboriginal perspectives and science - Essay Example The concept of indigenous science is very unfamiliar to most Canadian education systems. The education policies that was developed by the Ontario first nation was to provide a framework that will provide institutions with a strategic policy natural systems context within which Ministry of Education and school boards can work together to improve the academic performance of the non-aboriginal students. As described by Michell, Herman and Yvonne in ``Learning Indigenous science from place`` (pg. 6), ‘Aboriginal perspective of indigenous science is a study of natural system that contributes to a holistic view of the environment and the role of human beings in the environment’. This holistic nature of the indigenous science is composed of physical, intellectual, affective and spiritual domains of learning. For this reason the aboriginal community have wished to incorporate cultural teaching within mainstream or other institutional curricula, but there was a concern that was r aised based on the need to help universities systems to prepare students to choose their careers within scientific discipline. The framework provided in http://library2.usask.ca/native/ library website, also clarifies the roles and relationships of the ministry to Inuit students achieve their education goals and close the gap in academic achievement with the non-aboriginal students. A guideline emerged from a certain research project that aimed at fostering collaboration among a diverse range of group of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal educators and scientist. The indigenous study has experienced acknowledgement within traditional ways and cultural practices as a method for sharing, learning, and collecting knowledge development and maintenance. The purpose of the group of Aboriginal students, educators and scientist is to begin the conservations to envision, discuss, and to clarify a philosophy and framework of aboriginal science. The aboriginal people of the 21st century have been so diverse such that their personal beliefs and ideologies as to any other cultural and ethnic group makes it important for educators to realize that these people have traditionally held and have maintained unique perspective that is much different from that of non-aboriginal peoples. The implications of the research have been anticipated to nature all learners in science schools regar dless of their cultural background. Aikenhead (2006, Pg. 7), states that the believe of incorporating Aboriginal perspectives in the school of science will help nature students’ and educators’ in understanding and appreciating indigenous knowledge systems that have not that been a major part of many institutions curriculum in the past. The primary connections of indigenous perspectives framework is aiming to accelerate science and literacy learning outcome for indigenous students and increase non-aboriginal students teachers awareness and understanding of the indigenous perspectives. It also acknowledges the contribution of those involved with development of the indigenous perspectives framework which is based on national research findings and collaboration with Aboriginal groups. Discussion Aboriginal people have viewed themselves to be part of intimately connected individuals and therefore they have acted as the guide to the way in which people and visitors in need a re to be helped traditionally. There have been a lot of aboriginal resources that have described and indicated the role of indigenous science. The need to integrate aboriginal perspectives into the science curriculum in most countries is clear and immediate. Aboriginal resources are used to help understand the knowledge of indigenous

Malnutrition in the Eldery patient Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Malnutrition in the Eldery patient - Essay Example In a controlled study of 92 patients that underwent hip surgery, 27% of the 26 patients who had suffered from postoperative delirium were admitted to a nursing home within 3 months of discharge from hospital compared to 8% of the 66 non-delirious patients. McCusker et al .found no difference for admission rates to long-term care facilities between patients with delirium and a non-delirious control group (odds ratio 1.15; 95% confidence intervals 0.33-4.05). The odds ratio for admission to long-term care, however, increased to 3.18 (95% CI 1.19-8.49) for demented delirious patients. Also, in a study by Edelstein et al ,the 5.1% of 921 patients who became delirious after hip-fracture surgery were less likely to recover to their pre-fracture level of ambulation than non-delirious patients. In patients newly admitted to post-acute care facilities after discharge from hospital, persistent delirium symptoms were prevalent in 23% of patients, being associated with poor functional recovery. Cognitive decline is not only a predisposing factor for delirium, but it has also been shown that delirium independently worsens cognitive function. In both delirious and non-delirious patients who underwent hip surgery, the score on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) decreased significantly during hospital stay. In the delirious group, however, the average MMSE score decreased significantly more (from 23.06 to 20.44 points) than in the non-delirious group (from 26.74 to 25.83 points; P Diagnosis There is no evidence that the clinical picture of delirium in the elderly differs from that in younger patients, although symptoms of delirium may be more persistent and follow a more chronic course. In 193 medical inpatients aged 65 and over with delirium diagnosed at admission or during the first week in hospital, symptoms of delirium persisted up to 12 months after diagnosis, in patients both with and without dementia. Diagnosing delirium in demented patients may be hard due to the overlap in symptoms of delirium and dementia. Recently, malnutrition related syndromes were Dened such as sarcopenia, i.e. loss of muscle mass, and failure to thrive (FTT), i.e. involuntary loss of weight combined with functional decline. Both are also highly prevalent in geriatric patient and similarly caused by multiple risk factors, overlapping with malnutrition [6-8]. Malnutrition is a general term for the medical condition caused by an improper or insufficient ("undernourished") diet. An individual will experience malnutrition if the appropriate amount, kind or quality of nutrients comprising a healthy diet are not consumed for an extended period of time. An extended period of malnutrition will result in starvation. Malnutrition as the

The Rape of Lucrece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Rape of Lucrece - Essay Example The first stanzas of the poem acknowledge how poetic rhetoric is used in the work to repress praise and violence. Generally the poem highlights the rhetoric behind sexual violence especially in the American culture today which sometimes tends to be hipped with ironical praises. In the rape of Lucrece by Joel Fineman, Lucrece has the confidence to speak after the rape incidence. This incidence limits her ability to celebrate her life sacrifice by acting precisely (Fineman 170). At this juncture, we do not believe the performers. Someone who has been robbed off her innocence will be understood better if she is presented quite, worried and in a state of shock which is contrary to the rape of Lucrece by Joel Fineman. In addition, Lucrece’s suicide is cast as the only way women can intervene politically (Fineman 171). Once someone has committed suicide, she will be gone forever, how can this same person come back to enjoy the political favors sought after. The rape of Lucrece by Joel Fineman’s performance is

The issues in conformity

The issues in conformity Theory Conformity to group is another issue depicted on the movie to be researched. Based on Farlex, 2010, conformity means take action based on certain accepted normal standard. If we talk in context of group, so this conformity to group can be described as the action that accepted in a group as a foundation of an agreement. This is a need for each people to be in custom as a part of in-group people, rather than becomes out-group people in a certain group, gang, or organization that leads to a sign that that person is similar to people within that group which follow the consistency of the rules, despite of threatening the rules it selves (Sique, 2010).Basically high conformity to group means that when one persons will is defeated by others will in deciding something because they dont want to act opposed his/her groups will that may result in unsafe and high pressure community. Actually this conformity to group is the result of some cultural dimensions created by Dutch sociologist; Geert Hofstede and Fons Trompenaar. Based on doch and luthans, 2006, hofstede examined four cultural dimensions, while on the other hand Trompenaar developed seven dimensions. Not all dimensions can be linked as the result of conformity to group, however there are some factors that have strong bond with conformity that werent come from those dimensions. Application of Theory Based on hofstede, dimension in power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and collectivism lead to high conformity, while particularism, communitarianism, neutral, and ascription from Trompenaar may give participation as well. Power distance describe when a superior in a group is accepted to have the greatest power in that group, therefore that person must be obeyed (Viaweb, 2010). In high conformity, high power distance is exists based on people who act as superior or made superior by others because of their ability or even race. They must be followed otherwise we can be treated as outsider in our group. High conformity may caused by situation in which its member feel uncomfortable in unusual or different circumstances (Itim International, 2009). People with this high level of uncertainty avoidance will be passive and tend to follow the rules, therefore they dont want to express their emotion to the group which makes them comfort with their group choice. Collectivism as opposite of individualism makes people tend to loyal with their group and share their value and belief that may lead to community interest. In high conformity, people may look after their group decision and be likely to forgone their own w ill. The problem is occurred when it comes to a question, â€Å"if everyone goes after others will, so whose willingness that must be complied with?†The answer might be related closely with power distance, in which the superior is the ruler. High conformity to group is a result of particularism in which the community of the group may help their friends using any other ways, including breaking rules as long as they are in one community. Based on doh and luthans, 2006, communitarianism refers to people that look upon themselves as a part of group not individual with own will that becomes requirement oh high conformity to group. high conformity tend to have neutral culture in which peoples emotion are not doing in an open or ordinary ways, thus people keep silent even the decision is contradictive with their will. Later if we see conformity characteristic, we can see that people in that group tend to be ascription culture that means the people who become â€Å"the leader† is the one that mature either in age, or gender, not based on their ability or knowledge. So even someone who has better idea, but if the older one said something worse, people tend to choose the older one. Another issue that closely related with conformity to group is because of ethnocentrism. Its the belief that â€Å"ones own way of doing something is superior to others† (Doh and Luthans, 2006). This meaning can be applied to all aspect, such as one culture belief that their culture is highest among others. And in other words we can say it is when people everything based on their own way, without accepting that other people might have their own perspective. People could have high conformity in their group if they think that people on their group is the best, which is characteristic of ethnocentrism, and look other as low level group. This will lead to external conflict in society life. â€Å"Even though it may cause external conflicts, it creates internal unity. It also makes individuals feel more certain about their beliefs. Through providing individuals with a sense of belonging to a particular community, ethnocentrism enables social order. Societies need that kind of solidarity and order so as to continue â€Å"(Charon, 2007). Implication to business The issues in conformity to group and ethnocentrism itself may have implication to managing across cultures either in domestic or international organization. Most likely the negative effects will occurs based on those cultural issues. Ethnocentrism may result a bad effect where it goes into business or organization world. Firstly it may result in the bad decision when it comes to a company that did offshore and use home country managers. managers from home country with high ethnocentrism may think that the best business decision is the one like in home country as they might think that business decision in host country is not the best one. This may result in the failing in companys business. if we go to personal level, we will see more issues that can be raised. Based on the high ethnocentrism level, a person with high level of managerial may makes decision with any issues, such as they might think that their race is higher than local people in the workplace, so that the managers might support the employee with same race or nationality that similar with him/her. That kind of managers will hear more and approved employees idea that come from similar background with the manager, rather than any idea from local employ ee, even that idea is greater. Even in case where a manager must fire the employee, the manager will let off employee based on their certain background. In the case of conformity any subordinate may find any difficulties in give their brilliant idea, or aspiration to their superior. Most likely they are afraid that if they dont agree with their superior decision or idea, they will be marked as an opposition party, which later on resulting in their future career. Even the subordinate mindsets that think their superior is the best person with all excellent business approach. Moreover Pech (2001) reach a finding that high level of conformity in organization may resulting in disadvantage effects such as avoidance of individualism, reduce individual sense of creativity, discovery, and ownership. And final disadvantages to organization may occurred because of low morale and incompetency in taking action to competitor or external pressures through low capability in low cost and product differentiation. Recommendation In order to prevent the negative effect of conformity and ethnocentrism to group, there are some ways to be applied. First of all, the main effort that must be applied is communication and training. Such in case of off shoring company, the managers from home country must get any training before start to become the leader in the host country. They must know how to interact with local employee in their behavior, including socialization, appraising, and cultural rules. Communication is important factor that must be applied in certain issues that both faced by managers and employees in order to resolve with win-win solution. Then the next thing to do is managers should change their own habits and have ability in understanding others by learn to see different reaction to such business approach that may be seen from other people. Groupthink can also be used rather than individual will of a manager by asking opinion from their subordinates and thinking out of the box. This groupthink may ch ange both the managers and employees behavior and positively will reach good results (Helium, Inc, 2010). However in a journal by manz and neck (1995) they state that groupthink only focus on the negative effect in team decision making and thus there is a tendency within the member of group to fail in discussing and analyze any alternative course of action. Therefore they offer new ways of thinking by using Team think that will produce effective synergies thinking in belief and assumption that improve decision making and the outcome of performance. Charon, J.M. (2007). Ten Questions: A Sociological Perspective. (6th ed). Belmont: Thomson. Doh.J.P, Luthans.F, 2006, International Management culture, strategy, and behavior 7th edition, McGraw-Hill. Farlex, Inc, 2010, conformity, viewed 5th April 2010. Helium,inc,2010, Understanding the effects of groupthink in the workplace, viewed 5th April 2010. Itim International, 2009, Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimension. Viewed 5th April 2010 Manz.C.C, and Neck.C.P,1995, Team think: beyond the groupthink syndrome in self-managing work teams, Journal of Managerial Psychology Volume 10 No 1 pp. 7-15 Pech,R.J, 2001, Reflections termites, group behavior, and the loss of innovation: conformity rules, Journal of Managerial Psychology Volume 16 · No 7 pp. 559-774 Sique, 2010, the need for: conformity, viewed 5th April 2010. Viaweb, 2010, Power distance, viewed 5th April 2010.

Essay --

Edmund S. Morgan's book, "The Puritan Dilemma", is an account of the events encountered by John Winthrop's mission of creating a city on a hill. Winthrop leads and directs the Massachusetts Bay Company, to the new world, while trying to find a solution to the Puritan dilemma, which was how they were going to live in the world while trying to live up to the ideals in the Bible. These ideals lead John Winthrop to propose the creation of a â€Å"city on a hill†. His proposition involves reforming the Church of England, in the new world, by purifying the church of all its flaws. It would create a citadel of God’s chosen people, the kind of society that God demanded of all His servants. According to Winthrop, "They should be purified of their unregenerate members, their heretical clergymen, their unwarranted ceremonies, their bishops, and archbishops, but they were nevertheless churches and must be embraced as churches". (Morgan, 27) Winthrop continues to emphasize that they have been selected by God, like Israel of old, to serve as a model society to others; they would be a â€Å"city on a hill† for everyone to see and observe. â€Å"The eyes of all people are upon us; so that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken and so cause him to withdraw this present from us, we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world, we shall open the mouths of enemies to speak evil of the ways of God and all our professors for God’s sake; we shall shame the faces of many gods worthy servants, and cause their prayers to be turned into curses upon us till we be consumed out of the good land wither we are going.† (Morgan, Page 64) In other words, no matter if the society they set out to create was successful or if they failed in th... ...lects some of the rules that the â€Å"city on a hill† used, in order to maintain structure. Ultimately, Winthrop’s goals were similar to the modern day idea of the â€Å"American dream,† something all individuals in the New World have sought to achieve over its history. The beliefs of the American dream have been redefined over time to accommodate new standards of societal order, as politicians today still continue to create a thriving society with just and godly beliefs. Religion is still important in many facets of society, but not in the same structure John Winthrop had hoped for. Overall, the â€Å"City on a Hill† was meant to serve as an example society for others to study and learn from, no matter if it succeeded or failed, which it ultimately accomplished. Although many Puritan beliefs have gone by the wayside, they were able to set a precedent for future generations.

Notes on Skinners behavioural theory

Operant condition is the condition of responses Parents have long known that children respond to a system of rewards and punishments. While to say that this is a simplification of the theories of famed American behaviourist B. F. Skinner would be an understatement, it is accurately descriptive of the most basic aspect of his beliefs. Operant behaviour and operant conditioning, Skinner's most widely acclaimed work, is based on a system of both positive and negative reinforcement.While it is commonly known that behaviour is affected by its consequences, Skinner's heory of operant conditioning further states that the process does not require repeated efforts, but is instead an immediate reaction to a familiar stimulus. Positive Reinforcement – Beginnings of the Rat & Food Experiment In an experiment with a rat using food as a reward: The rat was placed in a box Over the course of a few days, food was occasionally delivered through an automatic dispenser Before long, the rat appro ached the food tray as soon as the sound of the dispenser was heard, clearly anticipating the arrival of more foodThe Rat Experiment and Negative Reinforcement Skinner again experimented with rats to show how negative reinforcement can also strengthen behaviour. Skinner placed the rat inside the box and a sent electric current into the box, as the rat moved around the box it would knock the lever by accident and the electric current would stop. The rats soon learned that when they were placed in the box to go straight to the lever to turn off the electric current. Knowing they could escape the electric current caused the rats to repeatedly go to the lever.Not only were the rats taught to stop the electric current but also to avoid it completely. The foundations of child development – John Oates Chapter 1 pt3 Behaviorism has had a great impact on education, partly because it stresses the importance of the external world and development, and there for gives grounds for believin g that children's learning and behavior can be hugely influenced by their teachers' use ot the right methods . Behaviorist theories see human beings as machines, reacting in a predictable way to stimulation from outside them. s evelopment progresses people accumulate knowledge but there is no major change in the structure of their minds. – How Does All This Relate to Children? One of the aspects important to human behaviour, though, is the feelings associated with behaviour that is controlled by conditioning. When previous behaviours have been rewarded, children are likely to repeat those behaviours happily and willingly, feeling that they are doing what they ‘want' to be doing.If, on the other hand, children choose behaviours in order to avoid a repeat of negative reinforcement, they ay behave appropriately, but will be inclined to feel that their freedoms are being suppressed. In reality, the actual freedom still exists, of course. Children, like the rest of us, are f ree to behave in any manner that they choose, as long as they are willing to accept the consequences of their actions. Link PavloVs Dog – Stimulus conditioning Pavlov showed the existence of the unconditioned response by presenting a dog with a bowl of food and the measuring its salivary secretions.However, when Pavlov iscovered that any object or event which the dogs learnt to associate with food (such as the lab assistant) would trigger the same response, he realized that he had made an important scientific discovery, and he devoted the rest of his career to studying this type of learning. In his experiment, Pavlov used a bell as his neutral stimulus. Whenever he gave food to his dogs, he also rang a bell. After a number of repeats of this procedure, he tried the bell on its own. As you might expect the bell now, on its own, caused an increase in salivation.

The advent of globalization has brought significant changes

The advent of globalization has brought significant changes in the market trends in the automobile industry. As the automobile industry is currently suffering from slumps due to the rising prices, taxes, competition and the oil price hikes, it is important to define what the car manufacturers are doing to alleviate the effects of these various changes. One important aspect that the automobile manufacturers are doing is to follow Japanese models of buyer-supplier relations that have been proven to sustain the hindrances that are involved in venturing the global market.Upon realizing this, US car manufacturers are incorporating these models and are now slowly gaining pace in the global market. In addition, the issue of car prices has also affected some car manufacturers as they joined the tough competition in the global market. The factors that affect these car prices should also be given emphasis as these involve the bigger picture of sustaining their business in the long run. Thus, g lobalization had pushed the automobile industry to improve on these aspects.With improved buyer-supplier relations and competitive car prices, the automobile companies should continue to strive in enhancing future research on these two aspects to develop the competitive advantage they need in the global market. Factors Affecting Economics of the Globalizing Automobile Industry With the current market trends around the world, the automobile industry has suffered slumps due to the rising prices, taxes, competition and most of all, the recent skyrocketing oil price hikes.As the modern global automotive industry traverses the paths of principal manufacturers, Ford, General Motors, Honda, Volkswagen, Toyota and Daimler-Chrysler, which all operate in a global competitive marketplace, it is seen that there’s still much hope to alleviate economic conditions that affect them. It is suggested that the globalization of the automotive industry, has greatly accelerated during the last hal f of the 1990's due to the construction of important overseas facilities and establishment of mergers between giant multinational automakers (Hiroaka, 2001).And, there’s no reason that they could repeat that achievement. Globalization and the current mergers in the automobile industry has been correlated with today's controversies over high petrol prices and fuel-guzzling SUVs in the huge American market. According to The Economist (September 8, 2005), this picture of the automobile industry only offers a partial detail of what future holds for industry as a whole:It may well be fully mature in markets such as North America, Europe and Japan, where over-capacity continues to sap profitability. But globally the industry is set for huge expansion with the motorisation of China and India. Within a few years China will replace Japan as the second-largest national market after America. Some experts predict that over the next 20 years more cars will be made than in the entire 110-y ear history of the industry.In the same report, Garel Rhys, director of the Centre for Automotive Industry Research at Cardiff University in Britain, enlightened that this growth will create the need for 180 new factories, each producing 300,000 cars (and light trucks) a year—in effect, almost doubling the production capacity of the global industry to over 110m units annually. Thus, today's car plants will need to be â€Å"renewed, retooled, refurbished and replaced to remain competitive. There is nowhere for the inefficient to hide. †According to Takayasu and Mori (2002), the automobile manufacturing is an industry in which it is difficult to achieve optimized procurement, production and sales on a global scale. However, major assemblers began to form strategic partnerships based on capital relationships in the period from 1998 to 1999, and since then there has been an accelerating trend toward the creation of structures that allow manufacturers to supply a diverse ra nge of vehicles tailored to consumer needs in markets throughout the world.