Assigment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Assigment - Assignment Example Utilization of fiber optics or some other quick information move model is exceptionally reasonable to guarantee moment transmission of signs following procedure at each processor unit. The databases and the correspondences offices ought to be designed to involve significantly two remarkable setups that incorporate a brought together arrangement and equal framework. Incorporated database arrangement empowers the customers to bank anytime of the expressed 11 branches. Centralization of the exercises points considering each movement attempted in each client’s particular financial balance. It focuses on minimisation of blunders or disappointments which may see the bank lose enormous lumps of cash to the encompassing. All the procedures of pulling back money from the branches ought to viably be prepared at one essential issue, and it should prompt refreshing of the client’s database adequately. The stores of money, compensation or installment of client bills and stores of checks can also be attempted on the centralized computer. Besides, the databases and information correspondences offices at First State Bank ought to be designed to take into consideration the equal database that targets making an equal handling and in this way profit two principle significant properties. The principle properties incorporate fast up and ensuing fantastic scope up characteristics. Equal database considers the sharing different peripherals that would similarly take into account programmed teller machines process and checking process or in any event, sparing records. By coordination different branches PCs, all the procedure are adequately attempted absent a lot of trouble (Hall and Hall, 2011). Taking everything into account, the concentrated database design with inborn involved equal database will profoundly take into account the most significant levels of expected fast customer administration by the framework. In legitimate blend with equipment and programming refreshed frameworks, there will be incredible improvement in the framework yield as far as preparing rate and hand-off speed. Frameworks

Keystone XL Pipeline Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Cornerstone XL Pipeline Analysis - Research Paper Example The fourth and last period of the Keystone Pipeline framework is alluded to as the Keystone XL Pipeline. This is by a long shot the most eager development of the current pipeline framework. The Keystone XL Pipeline requires the establishment of more than 1000 miles of 36† steel pipe starting in Hardisty, Canada and completion in Steele City, Nebraska. This extra funneling will build the conveying limit of the whole Keystone Pipeline framework to more than one million barrels of unrefined oil based goods every day. While the initial three periods of the Keystone Pipeline have has supporters at all degrees of government and in the business part, the Keystone XL portion has been met with dissent and discussion nearly from the principal second is was proposed. A wide range of gatherings have gone ahead scrutinizing the pipeline venture. The discussion has made the Obama organization suspend the allowing procedure that is fundamental for the task to begin. Through administrative con trol, the Obama organization has stopped arranged development since March of 2013. The profundity and expansiveness of the fights has caused this administrative activity. The primary arrangement of fights against the Keystone XL portion fixates on ecological concerns. ... The spring is gigantic yet moderately shallow. The significance of protecting this spring clean and from petrochemical contamination can't be exaggerated. The essential use for the Ogallala Aquifer is water system of yields. The creation of focus rotate water system in the 1940’s and expansive usage of the innovation in the 1950’s permitted ranchers in the Great Plains to constantly raise yields, for example, corn, soybeans and peanuts that generally should have been developed in progressively muggy atmospheres. This move in land utilize constrained out less water serious types of farming, for example, dry land farming and made a rural economy vigorously subject to water system for progress. Before the appearance of the Keystone pipeline framework, the best danger to the Ogallala Aquifer was over siphoning. A few districts of northern Texas and Oklahoma ceased or reduced water extraction from the spring on the grounds that the water table was dropping at and expanding r ate. Pull back from the spring extraordinarily surpassed the pace of revive, undermining all farming action in the locale. Ranchers had to modify their techniques for editing and feeding. The water table has since skiped back and is at close to ordinary levels due to these progressions made in the 1980’s. This case of collaboration among earthy people and ranchers is offered to show that the number of inhabitants in the Great Plains locale perceives that ensuring the Ogallala Aquifer is to the greatest advantage of everybody in the whole district. This discloses the across the board restriction to the Keystone XL segment of the pipeline. Notwithstanding giving water to water system, over 80% of the drinking water for habitations is removed from the spring. The Keystone XL stage cuts

A Tale of Two Classes

A Tale of Two Classes How do you go from taking 5 classes a term to only taking 2? You would think its easy, but its really not. So this semester is the FIRST SEMESTER EVER that Ive taken less than 48 units. So what am I taking you ask? 7.06: Cell Biology Lecture: Tuesday and Thursday 9:30 11 am Recitation: Friday 11 am Professors: H. Ploegh and T. Orr-Weaver Biology of cells of higher organisms: structure, function, and biosynthesis of cellular membranes and organelles; cell growth and oncogenic transformation; transport, receptors, and cell signaling; the cytoskeleton, the extracellular matrix, and cell movements; chromatin structure and RNA synthesis. Commentary: We watched this video the first day of lecture. Possibly one of the best science videos ever. 2.008: Design and Manufacturing II Lecture: Monday and Wednesday 12:30 2 pm Lab: Wednesday 2 5 pm Professors: J. Chun Integration of design, engineering, and management disciplines and practices for analysis and design of manufacturing enterprises. Emphasis is on the physics and stochastic nature of manufacturing processes and systems, and their effects on quality, rate, cost, and flexibility. Topics include process physics and control, design for manufacturing, and manufacturing systems. Group project requires design and fabrication of parts using mass-production and assembly methods to produce a product in quantity. Commentary: WE GET TO MAKE YO-YOS IN THIS CLASS. And the professor gives us chocolate halfway through lecture. Sidebar Commentary: So this is the first time in my life that Ive participated in Lent. For the record, Im giving up sweets and complaining. The last time I did anything for several days back to back was senior year of high school when a few friends of mine and I decided to see how long we were willing to wear the exact same outfit to school (yes, we did shower and yes, we washed our clothes). Scene: 2.008 Lecture on Wednesday Professor Chun begins to distribute chocolate to the class. I dig through the bag for my favorite piece of chocolate. I bite in. Me: Oh crap. Im not supposed to be eating this. Rob: That would be correct. Rob takes the chocolate from me and eats it. This is going to be a rough 40 days. So the reason I only wanted to take 2 classes this term is because I expected applying to graduate school to take up a lot of my time this semester especially having to fly out for interviews. Surprisingly, this strange thing has been happening lately. I get an invitation to interview at a school. I confirm. In the interim time between the invitation to interview and the actual interview, I get accepted. This happened yesterday with UC Berkeley right before I went up on stage at the Medlinks date auction (to be blogged tomorrow). It happened with UPenn about 3 weeks ago. Its a nice feeling. So for the record: Applied to 8 Schools Accepted to 5 Interviews at 2 others Havent heard a thing from the last one Oh, and about Berkeley? Did anyone watch the OC Series FinaleBen? What will I ever do with my Thursday nights?

Marketing And Brand Positioning Of A Mixed Martial Arts (...

Introduction This article is about Reebok hoping to take advantage of the Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) star, Ronda Rousey s domination in the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) to revive its struggling business by securing a partnership with her. The main issues that will be analysed are concentrated marketing and brand positioning. Concentrated Marketing Targeting is a crucial skill for any marketer. They are told that in order to achieve effective marketing, one has to identify a target market and build loyalty with the consumers from the targeted market such that your brand is preferred over the competitors (Romaniuk, 2012). Concentrated marketing is a firm targeting a huge share of one or a few smaller segments instead of a small share in a large market. This way, a firm builds stronger market position by focusing on the consumers it can serve best. However, concentrated marketing have its limitations. Company depending on one or a few segments for all its business tends to suffer if the niche segment turns sour (Kotler et al, 2013). An example, Whole Foods Market concentrated its efforts on natural and organic foods and became one of the top retailers of natural and organic foods (Forbes, 2015). However, as the organic food niche become mainstream, Whole Foods Market start to suffer as a whole with the major increased in competition and dwindling growth (Bond, 2014). In this case, Reebok shift its targeted consumer towards the swift growing â€Å"tough fitness† category

What Do Ryan Braun, Oedipus, And Lysistrata - 983 Words

Here is a thought to ponder, what do Ryan Braun, Oedipus, and Lysistrata have in common? The answer is quite simple, all of these topics are pertinent to the present day. Now, I know, you might ask yourself; Now Ian, Oedipus and Lysistrata were written centuries ago, how can these plays be remotely pertinent to today’s society? Times were much, much different centuries ago. Well my answer to would be, well, History tends to repeat itself, but really history can’t repeat itself, because history is an aspect of time. The people of history though, well†¦ That’s where things begin to get interesting. Let’s start out with Oedipus, according to our text book, Living Theatre, it states, â€Å"Sophocles’s King Oedipus, which was first presented around 430 B.C.E. There are structural similarities among all extant Greek tragedies.† (Wilson 38). If there ever was a story that epitomized the definition of a Greek Tragedy. Granted yes, it was a very powerful and depressing, it has many themes that are relatable for today’s world and society. For example, at the end of the play, Oedipus is down on his luck, Oedipus found out who is father and mother was from the Oracle. Lo and behold, the oracle was right, he said that he would murder his father, who was Laius, former king of Thebes and the gods said in order to bring back the once prosperous kingdom of Thebes, they must banish the murderer of the former king. The other prophecy was that he would marry his mother. Well, he speaks to the

About Steroids Free Essays

Many people have had their lives ruined by the use of illegal steroids, yet the desired effects are so overwhelming that people tend to overlook the consequences. Steroid users believe taking anabolic steroids will enhance their performance, strength, size,etc. They regard the use of them as legitimate as any other aspect of training. We will write a custom essay sample on About Steroids or any similar topic only for you Order Now To begin with, the term  «anabolic  » means  «to build tissue, » therefore anabolic steroids tend to increase constructive metabolic pathways within the body. Also, anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of the natural male sex hormone, testosterone. Testosterone was the first steroid developed, a natural occuring hormone in many plants and animals. The first clinical use of testosterone occured in 1958 when physicians injected it into underweight and ill patients to simualte weight gain. The first reported use of steroids in a non-medical setting occured during World War II. Steroids were adminstered by Nazi doctors into German soldiers to enhance their aggressiveness. The Soviet Union noted the Nazis’ use of the drug and recognized that enhanced aggressiveness, increasing in strength, and size could be desirable in athletic competition. The Soviets experimented with steroids in the early 1950’s and it is believed that they were used in the 1952 Olympic games. The introduction of steroids into the United States is often attributed to the late Dr. John Ziegler, the team physician for the United States weightlifting team at the last Vienna World Power lifting championships. A Soviet physician told Ziegler that some of the members fo the Soviet team were using testosterone as an aid to enhance their strength. Ziegler was impressed with the results and began conducting some studies on American lifters. The results were the development nd introduction of the steroid Dianobol, an anabolic steroid with fewer masculinizing properties than testosterone. Dianobol became well known in the athletic world. By the 1956 Melbourne Olympic games, steroid use had escalated to the point that many Olympic competetors in the strength events were either using them or were aware of their performance ehancing abilties. Anabolic steroids are all derivatives of the male sex hormone testosterone. With the use of steroids a person will receive two types of effects from the use. The first is the androgenic effects or masculinizing. These are the unwanted ffects such as the enlarging of the prostate, growth of male sex glands, deepening of the voice, and increased facial hair(other steroids were developed in an attempt to separate these effects of testosterone from the anabolic). The other effect is anabolic effects, the wanted effects. There are three major benefits that are wanted from steroid use and they are: Frist athletes will attain a greater increase in lean muscle mass and strength when it is used with a combination of rigorous training and the drug. The second major benefit of the steroid use is that the athlete’s body suffers less breakdown. This decrease in muscle breakdown and ecovery time permits more frequent training sessions at higher intensity and for longer periods of time. The third benefit is the increased aggresiveness they are believed to simulate. This increased aggresssiveness may drive athletes to train harder and longer without the usual fatigue. Other positive effects of using steroids is increases in; storage of muscle glycogen, blood volume, a general boasting of the immune system, and the reduction of body fat percentage. The effects are maintained as long as the athlete continues the steroid use. Anabolic steroids also have a number of potentially harmful side effects. The introduction of synthetic hormones results in decreased levels of other natural hormones. This worsens acne and accelerates baldness. This can also result in the decrease production of sperm and testosterone by the testes, which can lead to atrophy of the testes. Increased incidents of liver tumors and abnormal liver funtions have been noted in patients using anabolic steroids. Liver, prostate, and testicular cancer have been linked to steroid use, particularly oral steroids. Increases in high density cholesterol is noted in people using steroids, suggesting hardening of the arteries, high blood pressure, and blood-clotting disorders. Also, athletes using steroids seem to be suffering many more muscle and tendon injuries. Some doctors wonder if it is the drug-induced brittelness of the muscle or tendon or the heavier weights that is being lifted. Others think the increased aggressiveness causes lifters to ignore warning signals from an overworked body and they train harder than they should. In adult women, severe masculinizing effects have been documented including hair growth onthe cheeks and the chin, male patern baldness, irreversible deepening of the voice, shrinkage of the breast size, uterine atrophy, and menstrual irregularities. In pre-adults, anabolic steroids can cause the premature closure of the bone growth plates resulting in shorter structures. Another major side effect includes what has been popularly called  «roid rage ». For training and competition, the increased aggressiveness has been classified as a benefit of steroid use; however, with increasing dosage, the increased aggression will have an adverse effect. Wild aggression and paranoid delusions are common in some steroid users, and they may also suffer from major depressions and peroids of spontaneous violence. Steroids can also be both physicaly and psychologically addictive. Physcially many many athletes experience severe depressions following periods of not taking the drug, similar to that of any other drug addict. Psychologically, steroid use can be compulsive and unstoppable in what has been termed by the medical community as  «reversed anorexia ». The steroid users have an uncontrollable obsession with being big instead of skinny. This obsession results in the continuing or increased usage of anabolic steroids. The use of steroids in the United States has been estimated as high as one million persons, or one in every two hundred-fifty people. The major reason for his large amount of useage is that sports have envolved from recreational pastime to a lucrative money-making venture at the professional level. Speed and strength have opened the door to financial opportunities and a bond has been formed between sports and steroids. The concept of sports as a fun recreational activity has been surpassed by sports as a business. Many athletes will sell their bodies to steroids for an opportunity to win a spot on a professional roster or winning a gold medal in the Olympics. Since the introduction of steroids to sports, the reason for their use has remained the same; the pursuit of the winning edge. How to cite About Steroids, Essay examples

Nothing Is Permanent in This World Other Than Change free essay sample

â€Å"Nothing is permanent in this world Other than the Change† -is a famous proverb. In this mechanical world all of us are moving towards the pursuit of money having not even single second to spare, to think of world. So I would like to bring to spotlight 3 most prickling things in my mind, which I think, given a power I will surely change, to make the world a better place to live in Poverty according to my view is a thorn in flesh of the world. Society in India is very sharply divided between ‘Haves’ and ‘Have Nots’. With all the wealth of the country getting so accumulated in a few hands the rest of the population find it difficult to even make 2 ends meet. So obvious reason for poverty is ‘distribution of wealth’ which is too uneven. On one side India is leading gold importer in the world, whereas on other side India has most number of population that cannot even afford for a single meal as stated as follows†¦ â€Å"Rich continues to become richer-and Poor continues to become poorer† Recent news coverage in media focusses fully on Indians and their illegal blackmoney deposited in Swiss and Morocco banks, and a pitiful fact is that most of them having account are politicians of our very own country. We will write a custom essay sample on Nothing Is Permanent in This World Other Than Change or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Isn’t it a big shame for our nation? Harmful effect of poverty include mitigation of crime activities like theft, robbery, smuggling, kidnapping, cheating

The Ancient Trading Routes and The Rise of Islam free essay sample

An examination of the changing trading routes starting with the Roman Empire and how they led to the rise of Islam. In this paper the author examines the trading routes of the Roman Empire and how changes in them led to the rise of Islam. The author pays particular attention to the development of Islam in Africa and how it remains a great influence in African society even in this modern day. From the paper: Islam offered a number of attractions within Africa. Its fundamental teaching that all Muslims are equal within the community of believers made the acceptance of conquerors and new rulers easier. The Islamic tradition of uniting the powers of the state and religion in the person of the ruler or caliph appealed to some African kings as a way of reinforcing their authority.

Mushrooms by Sylvia Plath vs. Hawk Roosting by Ted Hughes Essays

Mushrooms by Sylvia Plath vs. Hawk Roosting by Ted Hughes Essays Mushrooms by Sylvia Plath vs. Hawk Roosting by Ted Hughes Paper Mushrooms by Sylvia Plath vs. Hawk Roosting by Ted Hughes Paper he sits at the top of the wood using the high trees as an advantage to him so that he can see everything that is going on beneath him. The last line of the poem shows that the hawk thinks it is more important then the Earth itself, the hawk seems to think that the Earth is subservient to him. This climaxes the poem with the most solipsistic claim and rounds off the impression of a greedy, power-crazed yet sadly ignorant creature. In contrast, Mushrooms by Sylvia Plant has a possible underlying metaphor for womens place in society. Plant was herself a feminist and although she never stated that this was the true meaning of the poem, it seems fairly likely. Plant conjures up the image of a field of mushrooms, silently growing overnight, undetected and unnoticed, almost like a silent rebellion at the end of which they will rule the world. In contrast, Hughes hawk in Hawk Roosting believes that he is already in a state of supreme power, and is not silent about it, but arrogantly flaunts his power. Plant portrays the mushrooms as a unit, as though they are all bound together by their cause, and to back this up she talks in the 1st person plural: Nobody sees us, Stops us, betrays us This enhances the image of a silent group all working as one to overthrow the oppressive regime. In contrast, the hawk is an entirely reclusive being, that feels no need for any companions, and Hughes, similarly to Plant, speaks entirely in the first errors singular. In the 4th stanza, Plant uses alliteration and internal rhyme: Soft fists insist on heaving the needles, the leafy bedding This is onomatopoeic as the repeated s sound is like the sound of mushrooms tearing through the earth and sprouting upwards. Contrastingly, Hughes chooses not to use a regular rhyme pattern, but instead uses emotive language for effect. Plant continues with the metaphor for womens position in society as she says: We diet on water, on crumbs of shadow, bland-mannered, asking little or nothing. This lays up to the stereotype of the standard housewife of the times. In the sasss women were still playing quite a subservient role in society to men and Plant clearly objected to this, and voiced her objections through poetry. During that passage, Plant also uses enjambment to establish an increasing sense of cumulative energy between stanzas. Boot Plant Ana Hughes nave nature as tenet DSSSL topic In tense poems, out It Is TN meaning under the surface that is important, a nd that is what affects how they portray nature through the use of language and perspective. Phillips ME ROD-C

Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Critique - Essay Example In this qualitative study, titled - Using a strategy of â€Å"structured conversation† to enhance quality of tutorial time the author Stephanie Robinson has proposed a specific approach referred to as â€Å"structured conversation† as an effective tool for improving the quality of tutorial time with regard to students with ASD. The article was published in the Journal of Further and Higher Education (Vol. 32, No.1 February 2008). It is an international peer-reviewed academic journal involved in publishing articles and book reviews concerning global issues related to the field of learning and education, especially those with learning disabilities (2009 [online]). The author is a lecturer and module leader for the PGCert.LTHE since 2003 and for the Brunel Associate Practitioner Pathway since. She is involved in various projects including providing further education particularly to students with learning difficulties and is focused on working with both the adolescents as well as adults with ASD. She has also been a part of a program dedicated to development and implementation of training for staff teaching children or adults with autism or Aspergers Syndrome (2009 [online]). Her credentials and extensive knowledge in the field of education (and particularly with regard to students with learning disabilities) establishes her as a worthy and suitable authority within the sphere of research concerning special education. In this article the author Stephanie Robinson, attempts to examine the â€Å"The impact of a technique of structured conversation to enhance a student-centered approach to tutorial time for students with autistic spectrum disorder† (2008., Pp.59) and suggests that the development of such an approach can offer enhanced learning support in the current challenge of widening diversity in the learner population. The purpose of the article was aptly

This coursework for entrepreneurship module. I need to answer one of

This for entrepreneurship module. I need to answer one of the three following questions. I will write this questions in instructions area - Coursework Example sses has tremendously grown in popularity in the recent past, with a large section of entrepreneurs opting for this route in place of starting their premises from scratch. However, this process may not be the cheapest in numerous aspects, carrying with its fair share of risks as well. It is only through good planning, and business evaluation coupled with a due diligent research of this option that a bought business is capable of surviving the changes that come with the swapping of the ownership. This paper will evaluate the two advantages of buying an existing business as well provide the demerits that come with this process. By weighing between the two aspects, the paper will determine whether taking this route (instead of starting a business from scratch) is a viable entrepreneurial option or not. The paper will first look at the advantages before delving into the disadvantages. I will then provide my verdict on whether the process is a viable entrepreneurial option based on my findings. As earlier mentioned, starting a new business may be dreary and risky especially considering the statistics of failed start-ups available today. A buyer may thus benefit by buying an already established business which helps him/her to skip the first stage that carries the most risk. Buying a business means that the business has passed the test of time and that its model and operations are proven to succeed. Additionally, the buyer enjoys the assurance that comes with a near autonomy of the business operations with them having been honed by the owner during the start-up stage. The buyer of the existing business also does not have to hassle for employees and other vital resources in a business since these may be part of the inherited properties of the business. This saves the buyer important time, energy and finances through processes such as recruitments and hiring. The saved resources can then be invested elsewhere in the business for expansion purposes (Sutherland, 2008:

Research On First Nations Addiction Sociology Essay

Research On First Nations Addiction Sociology Essay Addiction is the continued use of a mood altering substance or behavior despite adverse dependency consequences, or a neurological impairment leading to such behaviors. Addictions can include, but are not limited to, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, exercise abuse, pornography and gambling. Classic hallmarks of addiction include: impaired control over substances/behavior, preoccupation with substance/behavior, continued use despite consequences, and denial. The First Nation people in Canada or The Aboriginal tribe are found to have these addictive problems more when compared to other community in Canada and this has created a drastic change in the survival of their community. First Nations are the various Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Metis. There are roughly 630 bands of first nation people spread across Canada, and the majority of them are found in Ontario and British Columbia. Under the Employment Equity Act, First Nations are a designated group along with women, visible minorities and persons with physical or mental disabilities. Founded in the 19th century, the Canadian Indian residential school system was intended to force the assimilation of Canadian Aboriginal and First Nations people into European-Canadian society. The purpose of the schools, which separated children from their families, has been described by commentators as killing the Indian in the child. Funded under the Indian Act by Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, a branch of the federal government, the schools were run by churches of various denominations about 60% by Roman Catholics, and 30% by the Anglican Church of Canada and the United Church of Canada, along with its pre-1925 predecessors, Presbyterian, Congregationalist and Methodist churches. The attempt to force assimilation involved punishing children for speaking their own languages or practicing their own faiths, leading to allegations in the 20th century of cultural genocide and ethnocide. There was widespread physical and sexual abuse. Overcrowding, poor sanitation, and a lack of medical care led to high rates of tuberculosis, and death rates of up to 69%. Details of the mistreatment of students had been published numerous times throughout the 20th century, but following the closure of the schools in the 1960s, the work of indigenous activities and historians led to a change in the public perception of the residential school system, as well as official government apologies, and a (controversial) legal settlement. Colonization had a significant impact on First Nations diet and health. According to the historian Mary-Ellen Kelm, inadequate reserve allocations, restrictions on the food, fishery, overhunting, and over-trapping alienated First Nations from their traditional way of life, which undermined their physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health. First Nations peoples face a number of problems to a greater degree than Canadians overall, many of their living conditions are comparable to developing nations like Haiti. They have higher unemployment, rates of incarceration, substance abuse, health problems, fetal alcohol syndrome, lower levels of education and higher levels of poverty. Suicide rates are more than twice the sex-specific rate and also three times the age-specific rates of non-Aboriginal Canadians. Life expectancy at birth is significantly lower for First Nations babies than for babies in the Canadian population as a whole. As of 2001, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada estimates First Nations life expectancy to be 8.1 years shorter for males and 5.5 years shorter for females. Self-government has given chiefs and their councils powers which combine those of a province, school board, health board and municipality. Councils are also largely self-regulating regarding utilities, environmental protection, natural resources, building codes, etc. There is concern that this wide-ranging authority, concentrated in a single council, might be a cause of the dysfunctional governments experienced by many First Nations. Gangs consisting of Aboriginals are becoming an increasing problem, across Canada, due to the poor living conditions. Most of them are found in Winnipeg and Manitoba. One of the most acrimonious issues to result from the Treaty process is the dark legacy of the residential school system. The purpose of the residential schools in Canada was to educate and civilize or westernize the First Nation peoples in order that they adopt a more western that is European lifestyle. Separating the children from their parents and forcing religion on them, it was believed, was the only means by which to achieve this civilizing of the First Nations people. Residential Schools: The Legacy The story of and continuing debate around the topic of Residential Schools in Canada is highly contentious. The residential school experience continues to haunt First Nations peoples and, according to some, has led to a general indifference towards the education of many First Nations youth today. Many of the people who experienced a residential school education are now parents and grandparents and many possess deep biases against education for their children because of what they experienced. It is a difficult subject for many to understand because the residential school experience was not the same for everyone involved. Clearly, some schools were better maintained than others while some staff members more benevolent than others. Although a difficult subject to broach, the story of the residential schools has become an important part of not only First Nations history but of Canadian history. Separated from their family, friends, and in many cases the only home they had known, First Nations children were taken together, according to age level, to the residential school in the fall of each year. Once at the school, they were not permitted to speak their native tongue and the supervisors spoke only English to them, punishing them if they reverted to their own language. In many cases, the children knew nothing of the English language upon their arrival and this meant that many spent several years in silence until they were even able to express their needs. The school environment was a stark contrast to the home environment where aboriginal children were important contributing members of their family expected to help with the work of day to day life tending the nets, feeding the dogs, cutting and hauling wood, cutting up meat and fish for drying. The school demanded very little in comparison. A child had no responsibility for the well-being of others. At residential school, the aboriginal child became no ones keeper, not even his own as, in many cases, all movements were monitored and children were expected to adhere to strict guidelines of conduct. The schools were very difficult and lonely places for many children but they affected the entire family. If children returned home for the summer months in many cases, their parents found that they had significantly changed. They were no longer interested in helping the family with daily tasks and rather than spending time with their families, who were no doubt becoming more foreign each passing year, most preferred to spend time with children their own age who also attended residential school. Perhaps the most detrimental effect of the schools was the childrens loss of all ability to speak their own language effectively breaking the means of communication and traditional knowledge sharing between parents and their children. Furthermore children were taught at school that their culture was somehow inferior and not worth preserving. As a result, the residential school disrupted the passing of traditional beliefs, skills, and knowledge from one generation to the next, and deliberately separated the children from their heritage by encouraging them to resent it and embrace a more European outlook and belief system. While the cultural shock was immense without the residential schools, most First Nations youth would never have learned to read and write, or learn about the world and other ways of life. By the 1950s, the Canadian government began to realize the residential school policy was a failure. The last residential school in Canada was closed some 30 years later. Today, Aboriginal people want recognition of what was done to their communities as a result of the residential schools. Aboriginal people have demanded, and received, official apologies from the Anglican, United and Roman Catholic churches which operated residential schools. As more and more former students of residential schools come forth with stories about the sexual and physical abuse they experienced, several religious authorities who administered the schools are being charged criminally. Aboriginal Mental Health and Substance Use Aboriginal people make up only three per cent of Canadian citizens, but this population is one of the fastest growing in the country. It is also the youngest. The average age of Aboriginal people is 25. This is 10 years younger than the average age of the general population. There is great variety in languages, beliefs, traditions and cultures among Aboriginal peoples. In British Columbia alone there are 203 First Nations bands. About 30 different First Nations languages are spoken in this province. Unfortunately, there are also high rates of mental illness and problem substance use in some Aboriginal communities. This is due to a number of factors, including a history of cultural trauma. Still, a 2002-03 survey indicated that about 70 per cent of First Nations adults living on reserves felt in balance physically, emotionally, mentally, and spiritually. Also, Aboriginal people suffering from mental health problems have been shown to be more likely than the rest of Canadians to seek professional help (17 per cent as compared to eight per cent). This is a positive step towards healing for Aboriginal communities. The Rates of Mental Illness and Substance Use Problems among Aboriginals Aboriginal people have higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression than other groups: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢About 16 per cent have faced major depression, which is twice the Canadian average. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢More Aboriginal youth suffer from psychiatric problems than non-Aboriginal youth. Suicide is the leading cause of death among Aboriginal people under 44 years old: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Rates of completed suicide are higher among Aboriginal males than females and peak among young adults between the ages of 15 and 24. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢According to the Regional Health Survey in 2002-03, three in 10 adults (31 per cent) reported having had suicidal thoughts and one in six (16 per cent) had attempted suicide at some point in their lives. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Among First Nations communities, suicide rates are twice the national average, and show no signs of decreasing. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢The rates among First Nations youth (between 15 and 24 years of age) were from five times (among boys) to seven times (among girls) higher than the Canadian population between 1989 and 1993. Aboriginal people are less likely to drink than the general population. Only 66 per cent of aboriginals drink alcohol. Still, among those who do drink, problem substance use is a serious concern: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢More than one quarter of Aboriginal Canadians have a substance use problem. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Aboriginals are more likely to smoke than people in the general population à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢First-time use of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs tends to occur at younger ages in Aboriginal populations. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Aboriginal youth are at a two-to-six times higher risk for every alcohol-related problem compared to other young people. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Aboriginal youth are more likely to smoke, use inhalants, and use marijuana regularly. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Substance use is a leading factor in teen pregnancy among Aboriginals. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢Aboriginal women have higher rates of substance use during pregnancy than other women. This means they are more likely to have babies born with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder and other problems. Why are the rates of mental illness and substance use so high among Aboriginals? A HISTORY OF ABUSE AND DISCRIMINATION Aboriginal people in Canada have been treated unfairly for centuries. Until 1970, many Aboriginal children were forced to go to residential schools. At these schools their culture, language and dignity were taken away from them. Some were abused physically and sexually. Because of these attacks on identity and culture, Aboriginal students and their families found residential schools traumatic, even when school personnel were kind and educational benefits occurred. As a result, a high percentage of residential school survivors suffer from mental or behavioral problems. The last residential schools closed in the 1980s, but their effects can still be seen in Aboriginal families and communities. The trauma felt by students and their families has been passed down through successive generations. BARRIERS TO HEALTH CARE There are many obstacles that stand between Aboriginal people and quality health care. Some of these include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢lack of access to service à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢discrimination among health practitioners à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢lack of appropriate care à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢cultural barriers (i.e., lack of experience mixing traditional and modern medicine) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢geographic isolation A CYCLE OF DIFFICULT FAMILY CIRCUMSTANCES Newer generations of Aboriginals are still at higher risk for mental health and substance use problems than the general population. This is partly because of the stress factors that continue to occur in many Aboriginal families. Oftentimes poverty, ill health, educational failure, family violence, problem substance use and other difficulties reinforce one another, perpetuating a cycle of dysfunction and despair. 1. Early Childhood: Some Aboriginals live in overcrowded houses in isolated environments run by single parents who survive on very low income. As a result, some Aboriginal children fail to receive the attention they need to develop socially and emotionally. On reserves, there are often many generations living under one roof. In these situations children may be exposed to alcohol and other drug use from a young age. This puts them at higher risk for substance use in their teen years and later. Higher than average rates of family violence, including physical and sexual abuse, also put Aboriginals at higher risk for mental health and substance use problems. 2. Adolescence: Young Aboriginals are at high risk for harms caused by substance use. In comparison to youth of the general population, Aboriginal youth experience: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢more difficulties in school and higher high-school drop-out rates-this is often due to culture and language barriers. Some youth also experience discrimination from teachers and peers related to Aboriginal values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢confused ethnic identity-it can be challenging for youth to identify with their heritage while being raised and educated in a non-Aboriginal society à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢lower self-esteem and self-confidence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢higher rates of sexual abuse-especially among females (nearly one quarter of female sexual-assault victims are younger than seven) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢more psychiatric problems Unplanned teen pregnancy is an important factor that plays a role in the cycle of mental health and substance use problems among Aboriginals. Added to this issue is the fact that Aboriginal youth often start using drugs and alcohol to fit in with peers and boyfriends/girlfriends. Young women sometimes feel pressure to continue using substances after they become pregnant because they fear others will find out. This is one cause of the high rates of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) in the Aboriginal population. These rates suggest that some young women are addicted to alcohol, or they may not understand the risks of using alcohol and other drugs during pregnancy. This is a big problem because many expectant teen mothers also have poor eating and exercising habits. All of these factors work together to create a high risk for delivering a child with problems. 3. Adulthood: Aboriginal women often have particularly stressful, hard lives because of physical abuse and a lack of support from their partners. Some use substances to manage stress or to cope with anxiety, depression and other mental health problems. Research has shown that there is a higher incidence of intimate partner abuse in Aboriginal communities than elsewhere. The use of substances by men has been shown to be an aggravating factor for violence within Aboriginal families. Some of the consequences of male violence against Aboriginal women include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢diminished self-esteem and sense of security à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢damage to physical and emotional health à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢negative impact on children (nurturing a sense of fear and insecurity and the intergenerational perpetuation of the cycle of violence) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢negative impact on financial security à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢loss of matrimonial home and sometimes relocation outside the community à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢self-blame PROMOTION OF RESILIENCE IN ABORIGINAL COMMUNITIES It is important to note that some Aboriginal communities have fewer problems than others. There are indeed factors that serve to protect some First Nations people and communities from the cycle of difficulty. For example, in the past, Aboriginals had very strong cultural practices that promoted healthy connectedness and forms of conflict resolution that encouraged reconciliation. This and other similar strengths have helped Aboriginals to survive despite the great obstacles they have faced, and still face today. Some other examples of strengths include: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢the traditional value that is placed on sharing, humility and not hurting others à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢the value that is placed on cooperation and non-competition à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢the traditional value placed on community conscience and a shared sense of responsibility à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢a history of spirituality, religious practices and rituals à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢a deep-seated belief in living in harmony with the Earth and all other creatures Traditional strengths have sheltered some Aboriginal communities more than others. It is possible that these protective factors could be called upon to promote and assist the healing that is so needed today both within Aboriginal Communities and in Canadian society at large. Aboriginal people tend to consider mental wellness holistically. Good mental health means being in balance with family, community and the natural environment. Family and community have an important role in helping individuals regain their sense of balance. Therefore strong families and communities also promote resilience in Aboriginal communities. Why is it important to address mental health and substance use problems in Aboriginal populations? Social responsibility It is said that the measure of a civilized society is how it treats its most vulnerable citizens. Many Aboriginals are vulnerable and treated poorly. Canadian society needs to find ways to connect with all people who are struggling and help them overcome issues that challenge families and communities. At the same time, society must recognize that lasting healing for Aboriginal populations must come from within. Many of the difficulties Aboriginal people face today are a result of the contempt that was shown for their culture and identity in the past. Therefore, it is very important that healing processes for Aboriginal communities draw on and support the resilience embedded in traditional Aboriginal culture. Economics Canadas Aboriginal population is relatively small compared to the general population. Yet the problems and difficulties Aboriginals face are extreme, resulting in great expense to the whole country. A disproportionate number of Aboriginal people live in poverty, are homeless, or lack appropriate education. First Nations people experience more challenges related to FASD, trauma and other developmental factors. A disproportionate number of Aboriginals are incarcerated or involved with the justice system. High rates of mental problems and substance use among Aboriginals strain the health care system. All of these imbalances taken together with poor health, loss of productivity, lack of social cohesion and other problems add up to significant economic cost to society. A HEALTHIER FUTURE Aboriginal populations have unique patterns and consequences of mental illness and substance use. In order to address these, a wide range of cultural, environmental and historical factors must be considered. It is now widely accepted that psychosocial factors play an important role in individual and social development. A call has been made for the recognition of the influence of culture on health as well. When considering the substance use and mental health issues of Aboriginal people, it is important to acknowledge that Western culture has its own difficulties in these areas. Therefore the Western model may not be appropriate for Aboriginals. In addition, the influence of modern-day Western culture on Aboriginal populations may be seen as the root of some on-going substance use problems in these communities. It may be that taking part in the journey as Aboriginals rediscover and strengthen their communities based on certain traditional practices could actually help mainstream society to understand the importance of practices like connectedness and reconciliation in healing. This could help the general population to better deal with its own mental health and substance use problems. Adopt a culturally appropriate attitude Lessons from the work that has been done in healing related to residential schools should be remembered and used in the context of healing in Aboriginal communities. Some of the key findings in research done by the Aboriginal Healing Foundation (AHF) around the healing from the legacy of residential schooling include: 1. Community healing is connected to individual healing. Rebuilding family and community support networks will help stabilize the healing of individuals have experienced childhood trauma and family disruption. 2. Culture is good medicine. Culture-based outreach and healing mediated by survivors, local personnel and Elders has proven successful in reaching individuals who had previously resisted interventions. 3. Resilience in individuals and communities can be tapped. Healthy individuals in distressed communities were found to be good at promoting change. 4. It takes time to heal. AHF funding was limited to a few years, which proved to be enough to get the healing process started in many of the communities where projects were conducted, but not enough to see complete healing. 5. Services must be put in place and kept in place to encourage individual healing and help communities with their healing journeys. Typically, programs are short-term and project- based, but research indicated that services using local capacity and Indigenous knowledge are effective and economical. 6. As individuals and communities heal, the depth and complexity of needs can be seen, creating generating demand for training. Some of the most successful activities conducted to date by the AHF include healing/talking circles, interacting with Elders, one-on-one counseling, and participating in ceremonies. Support sex education and contraception for teens If Aboriginal youth are not educated by their parents or schools, they learn about puberty, sex and relationships through their friends and the media. Education should be provided by both Elders and young First Nations role models who youth can relate to and trust. Many Aboriginal communities are isolated. This means that youth must travel to get to clinics for information, contraception, and counseling. Health services should be provided within communities and they must be confidential. Teens must feel sure that their use of such services will not result in labeling or negative judgment by others. Advocate for targeted, culturally relevant programs All programs that serve Aboriginal people should include screening for substance use and mental disorders. They should also target the communities most vulnerable citizens, like children and young women. Parent-education and family-support programs that are culturally sensitive could help lower violence and problem substance use. Programs for pregnant teens could feature cultural myths and be developed to focus on FASD prevention strategies. (Some studies show that Aboriginal youth are more likely to pay attention to cultural myths about the effects of eating strawberries or crabs during pregnancy than to avoid using drugs and alcohol. Adapting cultural myths to include warnings about drinking alcohol during pregnancy may help to reduce the risky behavior of pregnant teens.) We owe the Aboriginal peoples a debt that is four centuries old. It is their turn to become full partners in developing an even greater Canada. And the reconciliation required may be less a matter of legal texts than of attitudes of the heart. (http://www.searchquotes.com/search/Aboriginal_People/)

Internet Privacy in the Modern World Essay

The internet’s debut in 1988 which had revolutionized commercial transactions all around the globe had grown exponentially over the past decade. In fact, the world internet users and population statistics by the Miniwatts Marketing Group (2009) showed that 23.5% of the world’s population are internet users and that the growth of internet users from 2000-2008 is 336.1 %. This rapid increase in internet users paved the way for the development of electronic commerce or E-commerce. E-commerce, the exchange of information, goods or services online, had also gained popularity over time as more and more people discover the expediency of online transactions. However, the internet, which is a huge storage room of information, poses risks to one’s privacy through these E-commerce transactions. The privacy risks faced by internet users is one of the biggest threats in E-commerce, thus, this paper’s purpose is to provide information regarding internet privacy and the dangers associated with the loss of that privacy through the discussion of the following topics: the definition of internet privacy, the means through which one’s privacy can be compromised through the internet and the reason why internet privacy had become a major public concern. I. What is Internet Privacy? Internet privacy, which is another branch of privacy, is a basic human right. It refers to an individual’s ability to protect information about himself (Gadberg, Wagner & Brewer, n.d.). Privacy is protected by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and by various laws in different countries around the world. According to the initial results of the data privacy survey conducted by the director of the Philippine Internet Commerce Society, Atty. Lalen Parlade, almost all respondents in the private sector believed that data privacy is part of every person’s right to privacy, and that this right imposes limitations on the use by the government of citizens’ personal data (including name, personal circumstances, contact information), and limitations on the collection and use by private individuals of an individual’s personal data (including name, personal circumstances, contact information, credit card) . On the internet, privacy can be divided into personal information privacy, privacy of communications and anonymity. Personal information privacy deals with the amount of personal information shared with anyone else on the internet without permission. Privacy communications or message privacy is concerned with the security of information sent through communication channels, that is, the information sent would not be intercepted and leaked en route. Finally, anonymity deals with keeping one’s identity confidential (â€Å"Privacy,† n.d.). Among the three aspects of privacy, internet privacy is closely linked to anonymity which is the privacy of identity. Anonymity can refer to either persistent anonymity or one-time. Persistent anonymity refers to an online persona different from the personality created. On the other hand, one-time anonymity refers to an online persona that lasts for one use (Gadberg, Wagner & Brewer, n.d.). II. In what ways can one’s privacy be compromised through the Internet? One’s internet privacy can be compromised due to various data mining devices which store an individual’s personal information usually without that person’s consent. Some of the most common devices that collect a person’s data are search engines, spywares and cookies. Almost every individual who uses the internet is familiar with search engines such as Yahoo, MSN and Google. Search engines are the tools one uses when looking for information in the World Wide Web, the results of the search which are called hits are presented in a list. It is widely used for data gathering in the internet. In fact, the word google, the name of the leading search engine today, is starting to become a verb which is synonymous to look up or search. However, using search engines also has its costs, one of which was explained by Rushe (2007) in his statement, â€Å" A lot of people don’t realize that search engines save everything for you, everything you’ve searched for†¦the more these issues get into press, the more people realize that when they sit down at their keyboard, they’re being watched.† Many companies, including Internet Service Providers, search engine firms, and web-based businesses, monitor users as they travel across the Internet, collecting information on what sites they visit, the time and length of these visits, search terms they enter, purchases they make, or even â€Å"click-through† responses to banner ads. In the off-line world this would be comparable to, for example, having someone follow you through a shopping mall, scanning each page of every magazine you browse though, every pair of shoes that you looked at and every menu entry you read at the restaurant. When collected and combined with other data such as demographic or â€Å"psychographic† data, these diffuse pieces of information create highly detailed profiles of net users. These profiles have become a major currency in electronic commerce where they are used by advertisers and marketers to predict a user’s preferences, interests, needs and possible future purchases. Most of these profiles are currently stored in anonymous form. However, there is a distinct likelihood that they will soon be linked with information, such as names and addresses, gathered from other sources, making them personally identifiable (â€Å"Privacy and Human Rights 2003: Threats to Privacy,† n.d.). Due to these reasons, the public started to doubt the credibility of search engine companies. Google, which is the most popular search engine today, is feared by many. As expressed by Jesdanun (2001), â€Å"Although many internet users eagerly await technology from Google, Inc., it’s rapid expansion is also promoting concerns that the company may know too much: what you read, where you surf and travel and whom you write.† According to Chris Hoofnagle, senior counsel of the Electric Privacy Information Center,† This is a lot of information in a single basket. Google is becoming one of the largest privacy risks on the internet† (as cited by Jesdanu n,2001). In, addition to search engines there are spywares whose existence places computer users under constant surveillance by strangers. Spyware may be described as any software that uses a person’s internet connection as a backdoor approach intended to access personal or business information, without the knowledge or consent of the computer user. Spyware is often introduced into computers when people download files off the internet. File sharing can pose risks of spyware download, when people download music, movie or other types of p2p file sharing programs. Marketing and promotional companies use spyware as an effective tool, to access and collect information from computers. Spyware enables them to observe sites being visited, products being bought, chat line discussions, topics of interest, online searches by the user and the information obtained, allows the marketing company to direct targeted products or services. Spyware revolves around information going out to promotional companies and related advertisements coming in via the internet by way of email or pop-ups ads. Needless to say that spyware poses an immense threat to any computer user and can lead to the loss of privacy, stolen identity and financial risks. Spyware is a comprehensive term that includes adware,a trojan horse, a browser hijacker, keyloggers, and dataminers all of which affect online privacy. (â€Å"Are Your Computer Activities under Surveillance by Strangers,† n.d.). Finally, there are cookies. Almost every media site on the net uses cookies. Popular blogs have embraced them, Google and Yahoo! dispatch them to better target ads, retailers like Amazon rely on them to fulfill orders and even Sesame Street deploys them on its Web site. Cookies are simply text files sent by a Web site to your computer to track your movements within its pages. They’re something like virtual license plates, assigned to your browser so a site can spot you in a sea of millions of visitors. Cookies remember your login and password, the products you’ve just bought, or your preferred color scheme. Cookies make navigating the Web profoundly easier; however, there are third-party cookies which are also known as â€Å"tracking cookies† that are placed by an entity that’s interested in tagging visitors. Often they make sure a user won’t be hit with the same ad twice; others guarantee that someone who says they have an interest in sports gets different ads than someone who likes gadgets. But third-party cookies could also be used to compile a dossier of surfing habits, that means that it could track you over dozens of sites, logging every article you read, every ad you click on, and every gadget and gizmo you buy without your knowledge or approval (Penenberg, 2005). III. Why is Internet Privacy a major public concern? The great innovation that has led to the e-commerce revolution over the past decade has been the result of an open and flexible network environment with ever increasing connectivity and functionality. Unfortunately, this has also created many security vulnerabilities which represent a threat to users of the internet and to e-commerce merchants. Due to the glitch in the internet’s security system, privacy has become a major concern on the internet. The extraordinary growth of the Internet has created a number of privacy issues that society has never encountered before and therefore has been slow to address. Privacy issues on the Internet relate to two major concerns. The first concern is to control the rate, type and sequence of the information one views. A second concern relates to the ability of users to address and understand how organizations collect and use personal information on the Internet (â€Å"Internet Privacy,† n.d.). The first concern which is a control concern is the category to which spam belongs. Spam refers to a huge number of unwanted mails which are usually for commercial purposes. This is applicable to e-mails which convey the same message but sent repeatedly by the sender. This violates one’s privacy because it intrudes upon an individual’s private space and it results from the circulation of one’s e-mail address in the internet. The second concerns the various methods through which data privacy can be violated online through the use of information collected by commercial organizations. As Givens (2001) pointed out,† News stories of internet privacy threats are common place these days. The internet was designed as an inherently insecure communications vehicle. Hackers easily penetrate the most secure facilities of the military and financial institutions. Internet companies have designed numerous ways to track web users as they travel and shop throughout cyberspace. â€Å"Cookie† is no longer a word associated solely with sweets. It now refers to cyber-snooping. Identity thieves are able to shop online anonymously using credit-identities of others. Web-based information brokers sell sensitive personal data, including social security numbers, relatively cheaply. â€Å" One of the concerns raised by a number of individuals is the use of one’s stored information which refers to the fact that one’s online actions could be monitored by unauthorized parties, logged and preserved for future access many years later. One might not realize that one’s personal information has been monitored, logged and subsequently disclosed; those who would compromise one’s privacy have no incentive to give a warning (Gadberg, Wagner& Brewer, n.d.). Thereby, the accrued information about an individual’s transactions can incriminate or cause damage to the person from whom that information was collected. Another public concern is identity theft. Puno pointed out that the advent of the internet had provided â€Å" a new field of battle† in the right to privacy, saying that it may deprive individuals of the right to control the flow of information about themselves (as cited by Uy, March 13, 2008). The huge amount of information flowing freely on the internet makes an individual vulnerable to identity theft. Identity theft is a major problem and a vexing threat. It takes diverse forms and degrees ranging from simple unauthorized use of a credit card to complete takeover of a person’s identity. Furthermore, law enforcement officers find it difficult to identify and apprehend online Identity thieves. This may be due to the fact that they can use technology to conceal their identities and physical location, thereby frustrating law enforcement efforts to locate them. Accordingly, identifying an electronic crime scene can be a daunting task when the perpetrator may have routed his communications with the victim through computers in three or four countries, with obscure networks that are inaccessible to investigators. Additionally, perpetrators could make things much more difficult and complicated by using technology and encryption techniques that provide a high level of anonymity or assuming the identity of an innocent person. Moreover, the scale of online identity theft can exceed that of real-world crime in terms of the degree of harm inflicted by a single crime (Chawki & Wahab, 2006). Going further, another concern is being stalked and bullied online. Bullying and stalking are not only applicable in the real world but in the virtual world as well. Cyberbullying refers to the new, and growing, practice of using technology to harass, or bully, someone else. Bullies used to be restricted to methods such as physical intimidation, postal mail, or the telephone. Now, developments in electronic media offer forums such as email, instant messaging, web pages, and digital photos to add to the arsenal. Computers, cell phones, and Personal Digital Assistants are new tools that can be applied to an old practice. Cyber stalking on the other hand is almost always characterized by the stalker relentlessly pursuing hisher victim online and is much more likely to include some form of offline attack, as well. This offline aspect makes it a more serious situation as it can easily lead to dangerous physical contact, if the victim’s location is known (McDowell, 2008). Due to the nature of the above-mentioned concerns, internet privacy, specifically personal information privacy is very important. If one’s real identity is known in the cyber world one would be very vulnerable to the attacks of cyberbullies and cyberstalkers. Conclusion The increasing use of the internet in conducting E-commerce transactions totally changed the way of life. Today, with a click of a button one can get in touch with the rest of the world, one can get the latest lotto results online and one can pay our bills directly from our homes. However, while an individual is enjoying the features of the internet, that person is also faced with huge threats to privacy. These threats could be risky to an individual’s personal information privacy, privacy in communications and anonymity. But these trade-offs are necessary in order to utilize the functionality of the internet. It would be impossible to stop the use of internet especially at this age where different organizations from around the world are use the internet in conducting different transactions. Also, the internet is a huge information pool that provides large amounts of information to its users everyday. Of the 6,710,029,070 people in the world 1,574,313,184 for varying reasons. The internet also provides employment for a number of individuals so abolishing it is not an option. Internet Privacy is a very essential issue regarding E-commerce because it is one of the reasons why a number of individuals are still hesitant about going online. Getting rid of various data mining devices in the World Wide Web is also impossible because even if there are costs associated with those tools they also have their benefits. And so, the best course of action involves taking precautions in safeguarding one’s identity and staying informed. Gaining knowledge about internet privacy is very important because through this we will be aware of the amount of personal data that we reveal online.

Explore how chapter 56 in ‘Pride and Prejudice’ fits into the overall scheme of the text Essay

What social comments do you think Jane Austen is making in this chapter? Pride and Prejudice was written by Jane Austen in 1813. The novel describes and exaggerates the life in which in Austen lived. The title Pride and Prejudice refers to the ways in which Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy first view each other. The story involves the lives of many different classes and how they interact with each other; it is also informing us of the way certain types of people were treated in those days. Near the end of the novel, Lady Catherine de Burgh comes to visit Elizabeth to try and persuade her not to marry Darcy. I will explore this chapter to find out what social comments Austen tries to make throughout the novel about the world she lived in. Chapter 56 is a summary of the whole novel. Lady Catherine has come to see Elizabeth to make her withdraw her acceptance of marriage to her nephew, Mr. Darcy. Lizzy is shocked by these accusations, as she has heard nothing of the sort, so wonders where Lady Catherine heard the rumours. She is the type of person who thinks that everybody’s business is her own because she is of the higher class. It has been planned since Darcy and Lady Catherine’s daughter were born that they were to be wed and now she hears of Darcy proposing to another lady has outraged her. That is why she has come to visit Elizabeth to stop her marrying Darcy. From the moment lady Catherine arrived she was very rude and not welcoming. She says things such as, ‘you have a very small park here,’ and ‘this must be a most inconvenient sitting room.’ As soon as she entered the Bennet’s home she made no effort on being civil or polite to their family. If Elizabeth were to behave in this manner when she was at Rosing’s it wouldn’t have been tolerated in the slightest. The only reason Lady Catherine gets away with it is because she is a lady and very rich and of the higher class. Anyone who was below her would put up with her behaviour because it was not his or her place in those days to accuse her of being impolite. Jane Austen grew up in this world where the rich people were almost the celebrities of the day. In our world famous people have the money, the expensive cars and clothes and a celebrity status, where the public would stop and look at them and always aspire to be like them. In Austen’s time it was very much the same but the lower classes and even middle were always looking up to the higher classes and admiring them. This is why people with the money could be as rude and stuck up to people as they wanted because in the end they were the ones with the power and the money to do what they wanted. Lady Catherine’s reason for visiting Elizabeth was not what the family had thought. Elizabeth expected a letter from Charlotte yet no letter was given. Instead Lady Catherine remarked upon a, ‘prettyish kind of a little wilderness on one side of your lawn.’ Again she is not really being as polite as she could have been about the garden. From this point Elizabeth realised that she wanted to be alone. She had realised that Catherine was again being very rude and stuck up and so made no effort to talk to her. Lady Catherine begins with, ‘ your own heart, your own conscience, must tell you why I come.’ Elizabeth doesn’t have any idea what she is talking about. Lady Catherine talks about her conscience, which is showing that Lizzy is to feel guilty about whatever she has been accused of. She tells Lizzy that rumours have reached her that her and Mr. Darcy were to be engaged and says ‘though I know it must be a scandalous falsehood,’ Lady Catherine cannot comprehend this idea, to think that a middle class person such as Miss Bennet, who has no real connections, would even consider accepting an offer of this sort. Lady Catherine does not hold back on her true feelings about the subject and as Elizabeth has been brought up in the proper manner she has to respect her. Elizabeth soon becomes tired of her picking at everything that is wrong with her and her family and is not rude but stands up for herself. She asks Lady Catherine if the only reason they should not wed is because she wants him to marry her daughter, then what is there to stop her? She replies with ‘ honour, decorum, prudence, nay, interest, forbid it.’ This is the long list that she has against Lizzy. The social points she is trying to make is that in those days if a family were to have such a disgrace as Lydia’s elopement then no man should be interested in them, rich men such as Bingley and Darcy should marry same class or higher and that there were some very snooty people who would disagree with the association of certain families! They don’t have a lot of land so are not as wealthy and high class.families like this always tried to marry higher up. Need to put in that Bennett’s don’t have a lot of land or money so lady Catherine looks down. Not too sure how to say this fits in with the rest of the book or how the chapter does? Bit stuck but will be done properly when handed in; in neat it’s a promise

Being a Slave in Todays World - 1221 Words

A recent report by Australias Walk Free Foundation estimated that 29.8 million people are in slavery today; of these there is still 60,000 Americans in some type of slavery. A slave is a person held in a state of subjection to an owner or master. Because slavery is abolished in all but a few countries many people believe it is no longer a problem, but slavery is still a big issue that people need to more proactive about. Slavery has a long history dating back to sometime around 3500 BC.In Mesopatamia they were the lowest class of civilization formed by Sumerians. Slavery also existed in Assyria, Babylonia, Egypt, Persia and other countries in the Middle East. Slavery reached its height during the time of the great empires of Rome and Greece. Slaves were treated differently depending on their occupation. Slaves who worked on plantations or in mines were often treated harshly and slaves working in a household were usually treated as well as any other family member. Manumission was guar anteed by most owners as a reward for good service. When the Roman Empire fell slave trade fell with it. In Europe slavery slowly turned into serfdom; however during the war for control of the Holy Land slavery continued with prisoners of war. This was also when many europeans got their first taste of sugar and when they returned they caused a demand for it. Italian merchants made plantations to take advantage of this demand. They used Russian slaves for work on these plantations and in theShow MoreRelatedHow Slavery Has Changed Today s Modern Society1324 Words   |  6 PagesHow do you define slavery in today’s modern society? The word slavery sparks up heated conversations. The idea that all humans were born with their own rights, no matter what race or class they were in, was not prevalent during the early developmental stages of America. There has always been slaves throughout the history of man, dating all the way back to the 1600’s until today’s day in age when it is no longer legal but still seems to prevail. There are still cases in which slavery still existRead MoreSummary : The Slave Next Door1501 Words   |  7 PagesPhuc Nguyen CRN: 10535 09/17/15 Today’s slavery is one of the most diabolical strains to emerge in the thousands of years in which humans have been enslaving their fellows. In the modern global society, there are not just only one kind of human race that specifically victim of human traffic, today it come in all races, all types, and all ethnicities, which became the â€Å"Equal Opportunity Slavery† that Bales and Soodalter were mentioned in their book, The Slave Next Door. It is proving itself to beRead MoreUncle Tom s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe1254 Words   |  6 Pagesor, Life among the Lowly Harriet Beecher Stowe tells the story of slaves from Kentucky and Louisiana, but escapes to Ohio and other Quaker settlements in the north, that finally makes them end up in Canada. Uncle Tom, whom at the begging is pro-slavery experiences a more cruel and harsh environment by a slave owner that made him have a sudden change of heart. He went from being the one who would withhold slaves for his own good, to helping them escape so that they could have the chanceRead MoreAre Slaves Really Products?969 Words   |  4 PagesAre Slaves Really Products? When I was a kid, I had a German Sheppard named Bubba. Bubba was a very good dog; he enjoyed hanging around my grandfather, was usually quiet most of the time and like many dogs, he did not like to get hit. I loved Bubba, but Bubba and me didn’t see eye to eye all the time. There was this one time, when I was young I went outside to go mess with Bubba and try to teach him tricks. Bubba was just minding his business and watching my grandfather. I walk over to him and IRead MoreEthnocentrism, Economic Independence, And The Religious Independence1231 Words   |  5 Pagesreligious independence. Before I start telling you about how they affect today s world I will tell you some characteristic and a little about them. Generosity is a characteristic that we have in today s world. Generosity is the quality of being kind understanding, and unselfishness, being generous having willingness to give money others when needed most. Faith is also one of the major characteristic and the world today. Faith is strong belief or trust, the belief in God, it is also a system ofRead MoreSlavery Is Not Legal Now939 Words   |  4 PagesMerriam Webster means â€Å"the practice of owning slaves†. ïÆ'ŸïÆ'ŸïÆ'Ÿ This means owning people against their will and not paying them. Slavery has been around since 1916, when the first settlers of Jamestown brought with them their slaves. Slavery also has been a debate ever since the declaration of independence, when Thomas Jefferson tried to abolish slavery but North Carolina disagreed. Owning slaves back at the time was a sign of wealth and power. The slave trade important to the culture back then becauseRead MoreHuckleberry Finn Should Not Be Banned1404 Words   |  6 Pagesto the world in a new light. Banning books only makes one want to read those books more- to learn and poder over the controversial issues. One controversially banned novel is the The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. This book while still has lessons to teach people in today’s society, including the ignorance of racism to addressing modern day issues; therefore The Adventures of Huckleberry FInn should not be banned. In today’s society religion and race are still prominent issues and the world couldRead MoreSlavery Was Essential For The Economy Of The United States1695 Words   |  7 PagesDutch ship brought over a ship of slaves from the coast of Africa. The idea of owning foreign people and making them work for free made plantation owners enthusiastic. Over the next couple hundred years, over 7 million healthy, competent people were stolen from the African continent (). Slave owners, otherwise known as masters, had large farms and crops that their African American slaves would work on all day, but there were other jobs that slaves did too. The slaves would also be nannies and maidsRead MoreSlavery And Its Effects On Slavery999 Words   |  4 PagesImagine a world with miniscule amounts of racial tension, no such thing as terrorism, suitable presidential candidates, and no human being forced to work for little to no pay. The real problem is that we cannot imagine this world because it w ould be just another Utopian idea; so instead individuals all over the world sit on their couches, or floor and think they can do nothing about these issues. However, if those individuals would do a little research they would realize they could very well makeRead MoreModern Slavery792 Words   |  4 PagesHonors Gifted 14 May 2007 Mrs. K. Doyle Modern Slavery Our sixteenth president, Abraham Lincoln spoke the following words in the Emancipation Proclamation, which were meant to free all slaves in the United States from bondage in 1863. â€Å"That on the first day of January A.D. 1863, all persons held as slaves within any state or designated part of a state the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the executive government